Mechanical Ventilation in the Burn Patient

Among the most difficult to treat are severely burned, patients. We examined the conditions of these patients individually and the organ involvement. It is impossible to manage them because they are dealing with multi-organ dysfunction, which affects all system homeostasis. This chapter focuses on the respiratory system, specifically the mechanical ventilation strategies to improve the outcome in the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and inhalation injury in severely burned patients, beginning with initial airway management and progressing to new ventilation strategies and modes to assist health providers in choosing what is best for their patients

Manejo complejo del hematoma intramural de aorta descendente: a propósito de un caso

Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) include a variety of overlapping anatomical and clinical conditions. Intramural hematoma (IMH), penetrating aortic ulcer (UAP), and aortic dissection occur in isolation or may coexist in the same patient. All entities are potentially life threatening, so prompt diagnosis and management are a primary goal of care. IMH represents 5-30% of all AAS and 60-70% of cases are located in the descending portion of the aorta. The diagnosis relies on a high index of clinical suspicion and on the use of complementary images (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). Management is conservative, but patients with persistent pain despite treatment, with hemodynamic instability, with a maximum diameter of the aorta of> 55 mm, with periaortic hemorrhage and focal intimal disruptions have a higher risk of mortality in the acute phase, therefore surgical management should be considered initially endovascular. We present the case of a 69-year-old patient, in whom IMH was diagnosed in the course of a hypertensive emergency and who required hybrid management due to high-risk anatomical characteristics with only endovascular management.Los síndromes aórticos agudos (SAA) incluyen una variedad de enfermedades anatómicas y clínicas que se superponen. El hematoma intramural (HIM), la úlcera aórtica penetrante (UAP) y la disección aórtica ocurren de manera aislada o pueden coexistir en un mismo paciente. El HIM representa el 5-30% de todos los SAA y el 60-70% de los casos se localizan en la aorta descendente. El diagnóstico recae en un alto índice de sospecha clínica y en el empleo de imágenes complementarias. El manejo es conservador, pero los pacientes con algunas características de alto riesgo tienen mayor probabilidad de muerte en la fase aguda por lo que debe considerarse inicialmente el manejo endovascular. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 69 años a quien se diagnosticó un HIM en el curso de una emergencia hipertensiva y que requirió manejo híbrido por las características anatómicas de alto riesgo para manejo endovascular aislado

Fosa de purines vs separación in situ de heces y orina en porcino de cebo: producción de purín y de estiércol

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar, en un alojamiento de cebo de porcino con enrejillado parcial (Laboratorio de Bienestar Porcino), la producción de residuos con un sistema tradicional de fosa de purines frente a un sistema de separación in situ con cinta plana. La fosa se vació cada cinco semanas, y la cinta se vació dos veces al día a lo largo del periodo de cebo. Ambos sistemas tuvieron el mismo tipo de ventilación por extracción bajo suelo. La cantidad de residuos generados con la separación in situ fue el 70,50% de la correspondiente al sistema tradicional, que, a su vez, fue sensiblemente menor que la habida en las explotaciones comerciales. El sistema de ventilación por extracción bajo suelo fue muy eficiente para la evaporación de agua de las deyecciones y la consecuente reducción de la cantidad de residuos generados; asimismo, los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la separación in situ permitió una notable reducción adicional de dicha cantidad, en comparación con el sistema tradicional

Biohybrids of scaffolding hyaluronic acid biomaterials plus adipose stem cells home local neural stem and endothelial cells: Implications for reconstruction of brain lesions after stroke.

[EN] Endogenous neurogenesis in stroke is insufficient to replace the lost brain tissue, largely due to the lack of a proper biological structure to let new cells dwell in the damaged area. We hypothesized that scaffolds made of hyaluronic acid (HA) biomaterials (BM) could provide a suitable environment to home not only new neurons, but also vessels, glia and neurofilaments. Further, the addition of exogenous cells, such as adipose stem cells (ASC) could increase this effect. Athymic mice were randomly assigned to a one of four group: stroke alone, stroke and implantation of BM, stroke and implantation of BM with ASC, and sham operated animals. Stroke model consisted of middle cerebral artery thrombosis with FeCl3. After 30 days, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were sacrificed. Proliferation and neurogenesis increased at the subventricular zone ipsilateral to the ventricle and neuroblasts, glial, and endothelial cells forming capillaries were seen inside the BM. Those effects increased when ASC were added, while there was less inflammatory reaction. Three-dimensional scaffolds made of HA are able to home newly formed neurons, glia, and endothelial cells permitting the growth neurofilaments inside them. The addition of ASC increase these effects and decrease the inflammatory reaction to the implant.Contract grant sponsor: CIBER BBN Contract grant sponsor: ERANET NEURON CALL; contract grant number: PRI-PIMNEU-2011-1372 Contract grant sponsor: Spanish Science & Innovation Ministery; contract grant number: MAT 2011-28791-C03-01, MAT 2011-28791-C03-02 an Contract grant sponsor: TERCEL; contract grant number: RD12/0019/0010 Contract grant sponsor: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grants MAT2015-66666-C3, and DPI2015-72863-EXPSanchez-Rojas, L.; Gómez-Pinedo, U.; Benito-Martin, MS.; León-Espinosa, G.; Rascón-Ramirez, F.; Lendinez, C.; Martínez-Ramos, C.... (2019). Biohybrids of scaffolding hyaluronic acid biomaterials plus adipose stem cells home local neural stem and endothelial cells: Implications for reconstruction of brain lesions after stroke. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. 107(5):1598-1606. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34252S159816061075Azad, T. D., Veeravagu, A., & Steinberg, G. K. (2016). Neurorestoration after stroke. Neurosurgical Focus, 40(5), E2. doi:10.3171/2016.2.focus15637Faralli, A., Bigoni, M., Mauro, A., Rossi, F., & Carulli, D. (2013). Noninvasive Strategies to Promote Functional Recovery after Stroke. Neural Plasticity, 2013, 1-16. doi:10.1155/2013/854597Yamashita, T., Ninomiya, M., Hernandez Acosta, P., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M., Sunabori, T., Sakaguchi, M., … Sawamoto, K. (2006). Subventricular Zone-Derived Neuroblasts Migrate and Differentiate into Mature Neurons in the Post-Stroke Adult Striatum. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(24), 6627-6636. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0149-06.2006Arvidsson, A., Collin, T., Kirik, D., Kokaia, Z., & Lindvall, O. (2002). Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nature Medicine, 8(9), 963-970. doi:10.1038/nm747Doeppner, T. R., & Hermann, D. M. (2015). Editorial: Stem cells and progenitor cells in ischemic stroke—fashion or future? Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00334Zhang, Z. G., & Chopp, M. (2015). Promoting brain remodeling to aid in stroke recovery. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 21(9), 543-548. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.005Crapo, P. M., Medberry, C. J., Reing, J. E., Tottey, S., van der Merwe, Y., Jones, K. E., & Badylak, S. F. (2012). Biologic scaffolds composed of central nervous system extracellular matrix. Biomaterials, 33(13), 3539-3547. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.044Ju, R., Wen, Y., Gou, R., Wang, Y., & Xu, Q. (2014). The Experimental Therapy on Brain Ischemia by Improvement of Local Angiogenesis with Tissue Engineering in the Mouse. Cell Transplantation, 23(1_suppl), 83-95. doi:10.3727/096368914x684998Zhou, K., Motamed, S., Thouas, G. A., Bernard, C. C., Li, D., Parkington, H. C., … Forsythe, J. S. (2016). Graphene Functionalized Scaffolds Reduce the Inflammatory Response and Supports Endogenous Neuroblast Migration when Implanted in the Adult Brain. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0151589. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151589Elias, P. Z., & Spector, M. (2012). Implantation of a collagen scaffold seeded with adult rat hippocampal progenitors in a rat model of penetrating brain injury. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 209(1), 199-211. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.003Tang, J. D., & Lampe, K. J. (2018). From de novo peptides to native proteins: advancements in biomaterial scaffolds for acute ischemic stroke repair. Biomedical Materials, 13(3), 034103. doi:10.1088/1748-605x/aaa4c3Nih, L. R., Carmichael, S. T., & Segura, T. (2016). Hydrogels for brain repair after stroke: an emerging treatment option. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 40, 155-163. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.021Moshayedi, P., Nih, L. R., Llorente, I. L., Berg, A. R., Cinkornpumin, J., Lowry, W. E., … Carmichael, S. T. (2016). Systematic optimization of an engineered hydrogel allows for selective control of human neural stem cell survival and differentiation after transplantation in the stroke brain. Biomaterials, 105, 145-155. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.028Lindvall, O., & Kokaia, Z. (2011). Stem Cell Research in Stroke. Stroke, 42(8), 2369-2375. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.599654Reis, C., Wilkinson, M., Reis, H., Akyol, O., Gospodarev, V., Araujo, C., … Zhang, J. H. (2017). A Look into Stem Cell Therapy: Exploring the Options for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells International, 2017, 1-14. doi:10.1155/2017/3267352Ikegame, Y., Yamashita, K., Hayashi, S.-I., Mizuno, H., Tawada, M., You, F., … Iwama, T. (2011). Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow for ischemic stroke therapy. Cytotherapy, 13(6), 675-685. doi:10.3109/14653249.2010.549122Wei, X., Zhao, L., Zhong, J., Gu, H., Feng, D., Johnstone, B. H., … Du, Y. (2009). Adipose stromal cells-secreted neuroprotective media against neuronal apoptosis. Neuroscience Letters, 462(1), 76-79. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.054Gómez-Pinedo, U., Sanchez-Rojas, L., Benito-Martin, M. S., Lendinez, C., León-Espinosa, G., Rascón-Ramirez, F. J., … Barcia, J. A. (2018). Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Injected in the Cerebral Ischemic Penumbra. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27(9), 2453-2465. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.001Rodríguez-Pérez, E., Lloret Compañ, A., Monleón Pradas, M., & Martínez-Ramos, C. (2016). Scaffolds of Hyaluronic Acid-Poly(Ethyl Acrylate) Interpenetrating Networks: Characterization and In Vitro Studies. Macromolecular Bioscience, 16(8), 1147-1157. doi:10.1002/mabi.201600028Davoust, C., Plas, B., Béduer, A., Demain, B., Salabert, A.-S., Sol, J. C., … Loubinoux, I. (2017). Regenerative potential of primary adult human neural stem cells on micropatterned bio-implants boosts motor recovery. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0702-3Bateman, M. E., Strong, A. L., Gimble, J. M., & Bunnell, B. A. (2018). Concise Review: Using Fat to Fight Disease: A Systematic Review of Nonhomologous Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Therapies. STEM CELLS, 36(9), 1311-1328. doi:10.1002/stem.2847Seo, J. H., Kim, H., Park, E. S., Lee, J. E., Kim, D. W., Kim, H. O., … Cho, S.-R. (2013). Environmental Enrichment Synergistically Improves Functional Recovery by Transplanted Adipose Stem Cells in Chronic Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Cell Transplantation, 22(9), 1553-1568. doi:10.3727/096368912x662390Palma-Tortosa, S., García-Culebras, A., Moraga, A., Hurtado, O., Perez-Ruiz, A., Durán-Laforet, V., … Lizasoain, I. (2017). Specific Features of SVZ Neurogenesis After Cortical Ischemia: a Longitudinal Study. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16109-7Lu, J., Manaenko, A., & Hu, Q. (2017). Targeting Adult Neurogenesis for Poststroke Therapy. Stem Cells International, 2017, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2017/5868632Faiz, M., Sachewsky, N., Gascón, S., Bang, K. W. A., Morshead, C. M., & Nagy, A. (2015). Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Subventricular Zone Give Rise to Reactive Astrocytes in the Cortex after Stroke. Cell Stem Cell, 17(5), 624-634. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.002Moraga, A., Pradillo, J. M., García-Culebras, A., Palma-Tortosa, S., Ballesteros, I., Hernández-Jiménez, M., … Lizasoain, I. (2015). Aging increases microglial proliferation, delays cell migration, and decreases cortical neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 12(1). doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0314-8Oh, J. S., Park, I. S., Kim, K. N., Yoon, D. H., Kim, S.-H., & Ha, Y. (2012). Transplantation of an adipose stem cell cluster in a spinal cord injury. NeuroReport, 23(5), 277-282. doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283505ae2Erba, P., Terenghi, G., & J. Kingham, P. (2010). Neural Differentiation and Therapeutic Potential of Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells. Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 5(2), 153-160. doi:10.2174/157488810791268645Grudzenski, S., Baier, S., Ebert, A., Pullens, P., Lemke, A., Bieback, K., … Fatar, M. (2017). The effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in a middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model depends on their engraftment rate. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0545-yEgashira, Y., Sugitani, S., Suzuki, Y., Mishiro, K., Tsuruma, K., Shimazawa, M., … Hara, H. (2012). The conditioned medium of murine and human adipose-derived stem cells exerts neuroprotective effects against experimental stroke model. Brain Research, 1461, 87-95. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.033Cunningham, C. J., Redondo-Castro, E., & Allan, S. M. (2018). The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stem cell secretome in ischaemic stroke. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 38(8), 1276-1292. doi:10.1177/0271678x18776802Gutiérrez-Fernández, M., Otero-Ortega, L., Ramos-Cejudo, J., Rodríguez-Frutos, B., Fuentes, B., & Díez-Tejedor, E. (2015). Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a strategy to improve recovery after stroke. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 15(6), 873-881. doi:10.1517/14712598.2015.1040386Pérez‐GarnesM BarciaJA Gómez‐PinedoU Monleón PradasM Vallés‐LluchA(November 26th2014). 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Neuroscience, 201, 349-356. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.004Le Friec, A., Salabert, A.-S., Davoust, C., Demain, B., Vieu, C., Vaysse, L., … Loubinoux, I. (2017). Enhancing Plasticity of the Central Nervous System: Drugs, Stem Cell Therapy, and Neuro-Implants. Neural Plasticity, 2017, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2017/2545736Traystman, R. J. (2003). Animal Models of Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia. ILAR Journal, 44(2), 85-95. doi:10.1093/ilar.44.2.85Doeppner, T. R., Kaltwasser, B., Teli, M. K., Sanchez-Mendoza, E. H., Kilic, E., Bähr, M., & Hermann, D. M. (2015). Post-stroke transplantation of adult subventricular zone derived neural progenitor cells — A comprehensive analysis of cell delivery routes and their underlying mechanisms. Experimental Neurology, 273, 45-56. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.023Karatas, H., Erdener, S. E., Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y., Gurer, G., Soylemezoglu, F., Dunn, A. K., & Dalkara, T. (2011). 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Corrigendum: Clinical Features of Headache in Patients With Diagnosis of Definite Vestibular Migraine: The VM-Phenotypes Projects

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00395.]

Memoria del segundo simposium sobre historia, sociedad y cultura de México y América Latina

La presente obra reúne 20 ponencias de las 27 que se presentaron en el “Segundo simposium sobre historia, sociedad y cultura de México y América Latina”, realizado el 8 y 9 de noviembre de 2006, en el Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (CICSyH) de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), en Toluca, Estado de México

Regulation of Fn14 Receptor and NF-κB Underlies Inflammation in Meniere’s Disease

Meniere’s disease (MD) is a rare disorder characterized by episodic vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. It is associated with a fluid imbalance between the secretion of endolymph in the cochlear duct and its reabsorption into the subarachnoid space, leading to an accumulation of endolymph in the inner ear. Epidemiological evidence, including familial aggregation, indicates a genetic contribution and a consistent association with autoimmune diseases (AD). We conducted a case–control study in two phases using an immune genotyping array in a total of 420 patients with bilateral MD and 1,630 controls. We have identified the first locus, at 6p21.33, suggesting an association with bilateral MD [meta-analysis leading signal rs4947296, OR = 2.089 (1.661–2.627); p = 1.39 × 10−09]. Gene expression profiles of homozygous genotype-selected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that this region is a trans-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) in PBMCs. Signaling analysis predicted several tumor necrosis factor-related pathways, the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway being the top candidate (p = 2.42 × 10−11). This pathway is involved in the modulation of inflammation in several human AD, including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or rheumatoid arthritis. In vitro studies with genotype-selected lymphoblastoid cells from patients with MD suggest that this trans-eQTL may regulate cellular proliferation in lymphoid cells through the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway by increasing the translation of NF-κB. Taken together; these findings suggest that the carriers of the risk genotype may develop an NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response in MD

Mutational Landscape of CEBPA in Mexican Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Prognostic Implications

BackgroundIn Mexico, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased in the last few years. Mortality is higher than in developed countries, even though the same chemotherapy protocols are used. CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) mutations are recurrent in AML, influence prognosis, and help to define treatment strategies. CEBPA mutational profiles and their clinical implications have not been evaluated in Mexican pediatric AML patients.Aim of the StudyTo identify the mutational landscape of the CEBPA gene in pediatric patients with de novo AML and assess its influence on clinical features and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis. Targeted massive parallel sequencing of CEBPA was performed in 80 patients.ResultsCEBPA was mutated in 12.5% (10/80) of patients. Frameshifts at the N-terminal region were the most common mutations 57.14% (8/14). CEBPA biallelic (CEBPABI) mutations were identified in five patients. M2 subtype was the most common in CEBPA positive patients (CEBPAPOS) (p = 0.009); 50% of the CEBPAPOS patients had a WBC count > 100,000 at diagnosis (p = 0.004). OS > 1 year was significantly better in CEBPA negative (CEBPANEG) patients (p = 0.0001). CEBPAPOS patients (either bi- or monoallelic) had a significantly lower OS (p = 0.002). Concurrent mutations in FLT3, CSF3R, and WT1 genes were found in CEBPAPOS individuals. Their contribution to poor OS cannot be ruled out.ConclusionCEBPA mutational profiles in Mexican pediatric AML patients and their clinical implications were evaluated for the first time. The frequency of CEBPAPOS was in the range reported for pediatric AML (4.5–15%). CEBPA mutations showed a negative impact on OS as opposed to the results of other studies

La sociología de la salud y los paradigmas de investigación

El presente libro se deriva del trabajo colegiado de la investigación científica, que realizan maestro y alumnos de las diferentes sedes académicas, para así contribuir mas a la investigación y que de igual manera sea un complemento de estudio para la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y para la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludEl libro contiene diversas temáticas que muestran conocimientos, metodologías, técnicas, herramientas y lenguajes necesarios utilizados comúnmente en el área de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud, desde un enfoque multi y transdisciplinario para poder indagar los elementos que componen la diversidad, la multiculturalidad y el medio ambiente que gira en torno a los temas de salud y de los estilos de vida saludabl

Ciencias de la Biología y Agronomía

Este volumen I contiene 17 capítulos arbitrados que se ocupan de estos asuntos en Tópicos Selectos de Ciencias de la Biología y Agronomía, elegidos de entre las contribuciones, reunimos algunos investigadores y estudiantes. Se presenta un Estudio Comparativo de los Recursos Hidrológico-Forestales de la Microcuenca de la Laguna de Epatlan, Pue. (1993 a 2014); la Situación Actual de la Mancha de Asfalto en Maíz (Zea mays L.) en los Municipios de Jiquipilas y Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, México; las poblaciones sobresalientes de maíz de la raza Zapalote Chico, en la Región Istmeña de Oaxaca; Se indica el índice de área foliar de cultivo de Chile Poblano mediante dos métodos en condiciones protegidas; Esquivel, Urzúa y Ramírez exploran el efecto de la biofertilización con Azospirillum en el crecimiento y producción de Jitomate; esbozan su artículo sobre la determinación del nivel de Heterosis en híbridos de Maíz para la Comarca Lagunera; una investigación sobre la estabilización de semilla de Solanum lycopersicum durante el almacenamiento y estimulación de la germinación; acotan sobre el CTAB como una nueva opción para la detección de Huanglongbing en cítricos, plantean su evaluación sobre el aluminio y cómo afecta la vida de florero de Heliconia psittacorum; indican sobre el impacto del H-564C, como un híbrido de maíz con alta calidad de proteina para el trópico húmedo de México; presetan su investigación sobre la producción de Piña Cayena Lisa y MD2 (Ananas comosus L.) en condiciones de Loma Bonita, en Oaxaca; acotan sobre el efecto de coberteras como control biológico por conservación contra áfidos en Nogal Pecanero; esbozan sobre la caracterización de cuatro genotipos de Frijol Negro en Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz, México; presentan una caracterización hidroecológica de la microcuenca de Arroyo Prieto, Yuriría, Gto., y alternativas para su restauración ambiental; presentan su investigación sobre el efecto del hongo Beauveria bassiana sobre solubilización de fosfatos y la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo; plantean su investigación sobre la Germinación y regeneración in vitro de Epidendrum falcatum LINDL; esbozan su artículo sobre genotipos de frijol negro y su tolerancia a sequía terminal en Veracruz, México