THE IMPACT OF CHILEAN FRUIT SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ON FEMALE EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Modern fruit sector development in Chile led to agricultural employment for women, though usually only as temporary workers and often at a piece rate. Nonetheless, fruit sector employment offered women access to income and personal fulfillment previously lacking. This paper links the fruit sector to improving female and family economic welfare in rural Chile and changing gender relations. Using a unique longitudinal data set, we examine women's decisions regarding labor force participation and employment, their earnings and contributions to household income, and their attitudes toward employment to understand how new opportunities are changing women, their households, and the rural sector.Consumer/Household Economics, Labor and Human Capital,

Temporal analysis of natural radionuclides deposition at Málaga(2005-2016)

Atmospheric deposition of radionuclides has been investigated in many studies from the aspects of both radiation protection and geochemistry. The present study, carried out in the city of Málaga, in the southeast of Spain, focuses on the assessment of the bulk depositional fluxes of three natural radionuclides: 7Be (cosmogenic origin), and 210Pb and 40K (crustal origin). These three radionuclides are useful markers of particles arising from their respective sources. To obtain fundamental information of atmospheric transportation, sedimentation and geological process of particulate matter, a long-term monitoring of atmospheric deposition has been carried out in Málaga from January 2005-December 2016. Samples of bulk deposition were collected on a monthly basis on a stainless steel tray from January 2005 to December 2016. Afterwards, a volume of 6 L of the bulk deposition was reduced via evaporation to 1 L approximately and transferred to a Marinelli geometry container for gamma counting. Additionally, aerosols samples were collected weekly in cellulose membrane filters of 0.8μm pore size and 47mm diameter with an air sampler lodged in an all-weather sampling station, situated on the roof near the bulk rain collector. Gamma counting of the aerosols and bulk deposition samples was performed using an intrinsic germanium coaxial detector, Re-Ge-type (CANBERRA). This study describes the results and then discusses characteristics of atmospheric deposition of mentioned radionuclides with respect to seasonal variations and dependency on controlling factors. The depositional fluxes of all radionuclides showed a clear seasonal trend with summer minimum and high values in wintertime

Intrastromal corneal ring segments: how successful is the surgical treatment of keratoconus?

This review evaluates the outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation for the treatment of keratoconus considering a new grading system based on the preoperative visual impairment of the patient. Additionally, a five-year follow-up analysis of patients with stable and progressive keratoconus is performed in order to assess the long term stability of the surgical procedure. Corrected distance visual acuity decreased statistically significantly in patients with mild keratoconus (P < 0.01) but statistically significantly increased in all other grades (P < 0.05). The improvement in visual acuity and the decrease of keratometric and aberrometric values were stable throughout a long period of time in patients with stable keratoconus. In patients with progressive form keratoconus, a significant improvement was found immediately after the procedure, however clinically relevant regression greater than 3 D was observed at the end of the follow up period

At the borderline of shape coexistence: Mo and Ru

Background: Even-even isotopes of Mo (Z = 42) and Ru (Z = 44) are nuclei close to the subshell closure at Z = 40, where shape coexistence plays a significant role. As a result, their spectroscopic properties are expected to resemble those of Sr (Z = 38) and Zr (Z = 40). Exploring the evolution of these properties as they move away from the subshell closure is of great interest. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reproduce the spectroscopic properties of even-even 96–110 42Mo and 98–114 44Ru isotopes and to determine the influence of shape coexistence. Method: We employed the interacting boson model with configuration mixing as the framework to calculate all the observables for Mo and Ru isotopes. We considered two types of configurations: 0-particle–0-hole and 2-particle–2-hole excitations. The model parameters were determined using a least-squares fitting to match the excitation energies and the B(E2) transition rates. Results: We obtained the excitation energies, B(E2) values, two-neutron separation energies, nuclear radii, and isotope shifts for the entire chain of isotopes. Our theoretical results show good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we conducted a detailed analysis of the wave functions and obtained the mean-field energy surfaces and the nuclear deformation parameter, β, for all considered isotopes. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that shape coexistence plays a significant role inMo isotopes, with the crossing of intruder and regular configurations occurring at neutron number 60 (A = 102), which induces a quantum phase transition. In contrast, in Ru isotopes, the intruder states have minimal influence, remaining at higher energies. However, at neutron number 60, also a quantum phase transition occurs in Ru isotopes.Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía (Spain) under Groups FQM-160FQM-370No. P20-00617No. P20-01247No. US-1380840Projects No. PID2019-104002GB-C21No. PID2019-104002GB-C22No. PID2020-114687GB-I00No. PID2022-136228NB-C21No. PID2022-136228NB-C22MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103ERDF A way of making EuropeCEAFMC and the Universidad de Huelva High Performance Computer (HPC@UHU)ERDF/MINECO Project No. UNHU-15CE-284

Recycling CO2from flue gas for CaCO3nanoparticles production as cement filler: A Life Cycle Assessment

CaCO3 nanoparticles as filler have received considerable attention for the mechanical improvement that they provide to cements. However, their life-cycle impact on the environment remains almost unexplored, even if the cement industry is considered one of the largest CO2 emitters. In this perspective, this research work assessed a novel method for using CO2 from cement flue gases to produce nanoCaCO3 as cement filler within the cradle to cradle thinking. For this purpose, two routes of CO2 capture were assessed followed by the study of the synthesis of CaCO3 through a mineral carbonation. Three scenarios for the synthesis of CaCO3 nanoparticles were assessed targeting the use of waste or by-products as raw materials and recirculation of them to reduce any kind of emission. The three scenarios were evaluated by means of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. Once the best considered route for nanoCaCO3 production was determined, this research work examined the environmental effect of including 2 wt% of CaCO3 nanoparticles into the cement. Closing the loop follows a circular economy approach since the CO2 is captured within the same cement factory. The results were compared with conventional Portland cement. Regarding nanoCaCO3 results, the scenario with simultaneous production of NH4Cl, and using as calcium source CaCl2 deriving from the soda ash Solvay process, proved to be the best option. Moreover, when cement was filled with 2 wt% of this nanoCaCO3, the benefit in terms of emission reductions in the Climate Change category was higher than 60 % compared to the conventional Portland cement.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 768583- RECODE project (Recycling carbon dioxide in the cement industry to produce added-value additives: a step towards a CO2 circular economy, https://www.recodeh2020.eu/). This paper reflects only the author's view and the content is the sole responsibility of the authors. The European Commission or its services cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.Publicad

Closed Strings Tachyons and Non-Commutative Instabilities

We observe a relation between closed strings tachyons and one-loop instabilities in non-supersymmetric non-commutative gauge theories. In particular we analyze the spectra of type IIB string theory on C^3/Z_N orbifold singularities and the non-commutative field theory that lives on D3 branes located at the singularity. We find a surprising correspondence between the existence or not of one-loop low-momentum instabilities in the non-commutative field theory and the existence or not of tachyons in the closed string twisted sectors. Moreover, the relevant piece of the non-commutative field theory effective action is suggestive of an exchange of closed string modes. This suggests that non-commutative field theories retain some information about the dynamics of the underlying string configuration. Finally, we also comment on a possible relation between closed string tachyon condensation and field theory tachyon condensation.Comment: 27 pages, Latex. v2: Comment about anomalies and refs. added. Version published in JHEP. v3: minor change

Quantum corrections to the string Bethe ansatz

One-loop corrections to the energy of semiclassical rotating strings contain both analytic and non-analytic terms in the 't Hooft coupling. Analytic contributions agree with the prediction from the string Bethe ansatz based on the classical S-matrix, but in order to include non-analytic contributions quantum corrections are required. We find a general expression for the first quantum correction to the string Bethe ansatz.Comment: 12 pages. Latex. v2: Misprints corrected and references adde

Habitat fragmentation influences nestling growth in Mediterranean blue and great tits

In patchy forest areas, the size of the forest patch where birds breed has a strong influence on their breeding success. However, the proximate effects contributing to lowering the breeding success in small forest patches remain unclear; and a shortage of crucial resources in those forest patches has been suggested to account in some degree for this failure. With the aim to further investigate this issue, we have monitored the breeding cycle of blue and great tits in three ‘large’ forest patches (ranging between 26.5-29.6 ha) and twelve ‘small’ forest patches (ranging between 1.1-2.1 ha) in a Mediterranean area in central Spain, during three years (2011-2013). We also recorded the nestling diet inside the nest-boxes with the aid of handy-cams. Only males significantly differed between forest patch size categories; being on average younger and with better body condition in small patches for great and blue tits respectively. Reproductive traits did not vary between forest patch size categories, but the body condition of blue tit nestlings and the size of great tit nestlings did, being significantly better and larger respectively in large forest patches. The recruitment rate of blue tit nestlings was also higher in large patches. Regarding nestling diet, blue tits did not differ but great tits did, delivering a larger amount of caterpillars in large forest patches. Most variation in the reproductive traits occurred between years, probably due to annual differences in environmental conditions. This study suggests that food supply could be limiting the breeding success of birds above all in small patches, but also in large patches under particular environmental conditions.Funding was provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2010-21933-C02-01) and Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and European Social Fund (POIC10-0269-7632). ESF and JBE are both supported by a doctoral scholarship from Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha-European Social Fund. RB benefited from the JCCM-FSE 2007/2013 postdoctoral program and from a “Juan de la Cierva” post-doctoral contract (JCI-2011-10945) and ESD enjoyed a pre-doctoral fellowship from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.Peer reviewe

La perdida total o parcial de la audición en escolaresdel centro de audición y lenguaje "TOMAS REGALADO G." y su influencia en la memoria visual de corto plazo

El presente trabajo esta orientado al estudio de los problemas de sordera e hipoacusia y su relación con la memoria visual de corto plazo

Adaptation Behavior of Mango Farmers to Climate Change

The continuing climate change phenomenon causes disruption to agricultural sector including seasonal fruits such as mangoes. To anticipate the negative effects of climate change, the farmers adapt themselves in order to maintain their mango farming. The dynamics of mango farmers related to the adaptation of agribusiness strategy due to climate change occur at the level of production/cultivation and marketing. The objectives of this study are to: (1) Identify the factors that influence the behavior of mango farmers' adaptation as an effort to minimize the risks due to climate change; (2) Describe the adaptation behavior of mango farmers based on interactions among the factors that influence the adaptation by using causal loop diagrams. The results showed that the adaptation behavior of mango farmers was constructed on 37 variables from 8 categories, namely, climate change, production, marketing, income, financing, productivity, information adoption, and innovation. Adaptation behavior of mango farmers to climate change arises not only as the farmers' effort to maintain the mango farming they run but also to maintain their lives. The use of growth regulator and pesticides are shortcuts taken by farmers to increase production without realizing the side effects that can arise and accumulate in the long term. The income variable is the leverage point of the behavior pattern that is reflected in the causal loop diagram. Small changes in income will cause major changes in the overall system described