599 research outputs found
LâADAPTATION POSITIVE DES FAMILLES LATINOS AVEC UN ENFANT AYANT UNE DĂFICIENCE INTELLECTUELLE: UNE PREMIĂRE VUE DE LA THĂORIE DE LâADAPTATION POSITIVE
Historically, research on disability and family dynamics drew from Psychology and Medicine. Consequently, eugenics models, grief theory, and other largely decontextualized frameworks of stress and coping were used to explain families of children with disabilities. This is a report of an initial test of a set of ideas the Singer research team has combined in order to explore the cognitive and problem-solving approaches of families of children with disabilities. Our purpose is to propose a contextualized theory for explaining how cultural diversity has an impact on positive adaptation to a childâs disability. This theory addresses the following: 1) attachment; 2) internal and external cultural resistance to stigmas about disability; and 3) perceived informal (family/friends) and formal (professionals) sources of support for positive views about disability and parenting. Sampling Latino families demonstrated how cultural contexts demonstrate a different flavour from majority culture interpretations of these cognitive terms of our proposed theory. Transcripts of the interviews were coded using grounded theory analysis, specifically, the constant comparative method. We discuss the goodness of fit for themes emerging from the coding process with the proposed theory terms. Results confirm attachment, social supports, and cultural resistance as terms for future development of this proposed theory.
Keywords: Disability and parenting, positive adaptation, Latinos and disability, culture and disabilityĂ travers lâhistoire, la recherche sur les handicapĂ©s et les relations intrafamiliales utilisait comme sources la psychologie et la mĂ©dicine. Par consĂ©quent, les modĂšles de lâeugĂ©nisme, les thĂ©ories sur le deuil, et dâautres cadres analytiques sur le stress et les stratĂ©gies dâadaptation, plutĂŽt dĂ©contextualisĂ©s, Ă©taient utilisĂ©s afin dâexpliquer aux autres comment fonctionnaient les familles avec un enfant handicapĂ©. Ceci est un reportage sur un test initial dâun ensemble dâidĂ©es quâa combinĂ© lâĂ©quipe de recherche Singer afin dâaborder les approches cognitives et mĂ©thodes actives des familles des enfants handicapĂ©s. Nous proposons une thĂ©orie contextualisĂ©e afin dâexpliquer comment la diversitĂ© culturelle aurait un effet sur lâadaptation positive de la famille face Ă lâhandicap de leur enfant. Cette thĂ©orie aborde les idĂ©es suivantes : 1) lâattachement; 2) les rĂ©sistances culturelles internes et externes aux stigmates sur lâhandicap; et 3) les sources dâinformation sur lâhandicap et le parentage liĂ©es Ă lâadaptation positive perçues comme informelles (famille/amis) et formelles (les professionnels). En utilisant un Ă©chantillon de familles Latinos, nous dĂ©montrons comment les contextes culturels dĂ©montrent des interprĂ©tations diffĂ©rentes des termes cognitifs de notre thĂ©orie, et non lâinterprĂ©tation de la culture majoritaire. Les transcriptions des interviews Ă©taient codĂ©es selon la thĂ©orie ancrĂ©e, plus spĂ©cifiquement la mĂ©thode de la comparaison constante. Nous discutons la concordance des thĂšmes venus via le processus dâencodage avec les termes clĂ©s de la nouvelle thĂ©orie proposĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats de cette recherche confirment que lâattachement, le soutien social, et la rĂ©sistance culturelle seront des termes clĂ©s dans le dĂ©veloppement de cette thĂ©orie proposĂ©e.
Mots clés : Handicap et parentage, Adaptation positive, Latinos et handicap, culture et handica
The Teaching and Learning Cultural Competence in a Multicultural Environment (CCMEn) Model
Background: Within the European higher education context, students and lecturers are encouraged to engage in teaching and learning activities abroad. This frequently involves using a second language and being exposed to students and lecturers from culturally different backgrounds.
Objective: To design a model for teaching and learning cultural competence in a multicultural environment (CCMEn).
Design: Theory development from empirical experience, research, and scholarly works.
Method: This model was developed based on our experience of teaching and learning cultural competence in a multicultural environment in a nursing education context; it rests on three pillars, namely, Coyle's Content and Language Integrated Learning educational approach, the concept of social and emotional learning, as defined by the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning, and the existing literature surrounding teaching and learning cultural competence in higher education.
Results: The CCMEn model is intended to guide the process of teaching and learning cultural competence in a multicultural environment through the use of a second language and has been adapted from existing educational approaches and theory.
Conclusion: Teaching and learning in multilingual and multicultural contexts in Europe is becoming more common. Students who learn alongside students and teachers from different cultural backgrounds need to be supported from an academic, linguistic and socioemotional perspective. We believe that the CCMEn model can serve as a guide to enhancing student learning in this context
Integer Vector Addition Systems with States
This paper studies reachability, coverability and inclusion problems for
Integer Vector Addition Systems with States (ZVASS) and extensions and
restrictions thereof. A ZVASS comprises a finite-state controller with a finite
number of counters ranging over the integers. Although it is folklore that
reachability in ZVASS is NP-complete, it turns out that despite their
naturalness, from a complexity point of view this class has received little
attention in the literature. We fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis
of the computational complexity of the aforementioned decision problems. Most
interestingly, it turns out that while the addition of reset operations to
ordinary VASS leads to undecidability and Ackermann-hardness of reachability
and coverability, respectively, they can be added to ZVASS while retaining
NP-completness of both coverability and reachability.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Nursing lecturersâ perception and experience of teaching cultural competence: a european qualitative study
Cultural competence is an essential component in providing effective and culturally responsive healthcare services, reducing health inequalities, challenging racism in health care and improving patient safety, satisfaction and health outcomes. It is thus reasonable that undergraduate nursing students can develop cultural competency through education and training. The aim of this paper was to investigate nursing lecturersâ perception and experience of teaching cultural competence in four undergraduate nursing programs. A phenomenological approach was selected to illicit nursing lecturersâ perception of culture and experience of teaching cultural competence. Semi-struc-tured personal interviews were held with a sample of 24 lecturers from four European universities. The anonymized transcripts were analyzed qualitatively following Braun and Clarkâs phases for thematic analysis. Six themes and fifteen subthemes emerged from thematic analysis of the tran-scripts. Cultural competence was not explicitly integrated in the nursing curricula. Instead, the lecturers used mainly examples and case studies to illustrate the theory. The integration of cultural content in the modules was unplanned and not based on a specific model. Nursing programs should be examined to establish how cultural content is integrated in the curricula; clear guidelines and standards for a systematic integration of cultural content in the nursing curriculum should be de-veloped
Nursing studentsâ experience of learning cultural competence
Introduction European societies are rapidly becoming multicultural. Cultural diversity presents new challenges and opportunities to communities that receive immigrants and migrants, and highlights the need for culturally safe healthcare. Universities share a responsibility to build a fair and equitable society by integrating cultural content in the nursing curricula. This paper aims to analyze European student nursesÂŽ experience of learning cultural competence and of working with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Materials and methods A phenomenological approach was selected through a qualitative research method. 7 semi-structured focus groups with 5â7 students took place at the participantsâ respective universities in Spain, Belgium, Turkey and Portugal. Results 5 themes and 16 subthemes emerged from thematic analysis. Theme 1, concept of culture/ cultural diversity, describes the participantsâ concept of culture; ethnocentricity emerged as a frequent element in the studentsâ discourse. Theme 2, personal awareness, integrates the studentsâ self-perception of cultural competence and their learning needs. Theme 3, impact of culture, delves on the participantsâ perceived impact of cultural on both nursing care and patient outcomes. Theme 4, learning cultural competence, integrates the participantsâ learning experiences as part of their nursing curricula, as part of other academic learning opportunities and as part of extra-academic activities. Theme 5, learning cultural competence during practice placements, addresses some important issues including witnessing unequal care, racism, prejudice and conflict, communication and language barriers, tools and resources and positive attitudes and behaviors witnesses or displayed during clinical practice. Conclusion The participantsâ perceived level of cultural competence was variable. All the participants agreed that transcultural nursing content should be integrated in the nursing curricula, and suggested different strategies to improve their knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is important to listen to the students and take their opinion into account when designing cultural teaching and learning activities. © 2021 AntĂłn-Solanas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Parameterized Verification of Systems with Global Synchronization and Guards
Inspired by distributed applications that use consensus or other agreement
protocols for global coordination, we define a new computational model for
parameterized systems that is based on a general global synchronization
primitive and allows for global transition guards. Our model generalizes many
existing models in the literature, including broadcast protocols and guarded
protocols. We show that reachability properties are decidable for systems
without guards, and give sufficient conditions under which they remain
decidable in the presence of guards. Furthermore, we investigate cutoffs for
reachability properties and provide sufficient conditions for small cutoffs in
a number of cases that are inspired by our target applications.Comment: Accepted at CAV 202
Analyzing probabilistic pushdown automata
The paper gives a summary of the existing results about algorithmic analysis of probabilistic pushdown automata and their subclasses.V ÄlĂĄnku je podĂĄn pĆehled znĂĄmĂœch vĂœsledkĆŻ o pravdÄpodobnostnĂch zĂĄsobnĂkovĂœch automatech a nÄkterĂœch jejich podtĆĂdĂĄch
Revisiting Glue Expressiveness in Component-Based Systems
International audienceWe take a fresh look at the expressivity of BIP, a recent influential formal component model developed by J. Sifakis et al. We introduce a process calculus, called CAB, that models composite components as the combination of a glue (using BIP terminology) and subcomponents, and that constitutes a conservative extension of BIP with more dynamic forms of glues. We study the Turing completeness of CAB variants that differ only in their language for glues. We show that limiting the glue language to BIP glues suffices to obtain Turing-completeness, whereas removing priorities from the control language loses Turing-completeness. We also show that adding a simple form of dynamic component creation in the control language without priorities is enough to regain Turing completeness. These results complement those obtained on BIP, highlighting in particular the key role of priorities for expressivity
Checking bounded reachability in asynchronous systems by symbolic event tracing
This report presents a new symbolic technique for checking reachability properties of asynchronous systems by reducing the problem to satisfiability in restrained difference logic. The analysis is bounded by fixing a finite set of potential events, each of which may occur at most once in any order. The events are specified using high-level Petri nets. The logic encoding describes the space of possible causal links between events rather than possible sequences of states as in Bounded Model Checking. Independence between events is exploited intrinsically without partial order reductions, and the handling of data is symbolic. On a family of benchmarks, the proposed approach is consistently faster than Bounded Model Checking. In addition, this report presents a compact encoding of the restrained subset of difference logic in propositional logic
neutron strength in the isotones and the Cr()Cr reaction
We performed a measurement of the CrCr reaction at 16 MeV
using the Florida State University Super-Enge Split-Pole Spectrograph (SE-SPS)
and observed 26 states. While all of the states observed here had been seen in
previous experiments, we changed five assignments from those
reported previously and determined values for nine states that had not had
such assignments made previously.
The neutron strength observed in Cr in the present work and
in the isotones Ca, Ti, and Fe via
reactions is much smaller than the sum rule for this strength. Most of the
observed strength in these nuclei is located in states near 4 MeV
excitation energy. The remaining strength may be located in the
continuum or may be fragmented among many bound states. A covariant density
functional theory calculation provides support for the hypothesis that the
neutron orbit is unbound in Cr. The (He) reaction
may provide a more sensitive probe for the missing neutron strength.
In addition, particle- coincidence experiments may help resolve some
remaining questions in this nucleus.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2212.0438
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