Ethics in Business: Is Compliance the Best We Can Expect?

Recent evidence of criminal corporate behavior seems to indicate that efforts to develop more ethical business leaders by requiring courses on ethics in business schools has not worked. The creation and use of corporate ethics codes and “codes of conduct” has provided companies with a way to publicly demonstrate their commitment to good ethics, but by focusing their efforts on simply ensuring corporate “compliance” with such codes, the larger issues of right and wrong are often ignored. An example of the limitations of mere “compliance” is offered, along with a call for the academy to do more to develop future business leaders with more acceptable ethical values

Fourier transform spectroscopy and cross section measurements of the Herzberg III bands of O2 at 295 K

The absorption bands of the Herzberg III of O2 at 295 K were measured using Fourier transform spectrometer. The rotational line positions were determined, as well as the rotational line strengths and the branching ratios. The band oscillator strengths from the sum of the strengths of the individual rotational lines were shown.published_or_final_versio

Predissociation linewidths of the (3,0)-(11,0) Schumann-Runge absorption bands of 18O2 and 16O 18O in the wavelength region 180-196 nm

Predissociation linewidths of the (3,0)-(11,0) Scbumman-Runge bands of 18O 2 and 16O 18O in the wavelength region 180-196 nm have been obtained from the published measurements of the absolute absorption cross sections of Yoshino et al. [Planet. Space Sci. 36, 1201 ( 1988); 37, 419 (1989)] and spectroscopic constants of these molecules of Cheung et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 131, 96 ( 1988); 134, 362 (1989)]. The linewidths are determined as parameters in the nonlinear least-squares fitting of calculated to measured cross sections. Predissociation maxima are found at upper vibrational levels with v′ = 4 ,7, and 10 for 18O 2 and for 16O 18O. Our predissociation linewidths are mostly greater than previous experimental values for both isotopic molecules. © 1990 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

Predissociation linewidths of the (1,0)-(12,0) Schumann-Runge absorption bands of O2 in the wavelength region 179-202 nm

A nonlinear least-squares method of retrieving predissociation linewidths from the experimental absolute absorption cross sections of Yoshino et al. [Planet. Space Sci. 31, 339 (1983)] has been applied to the (1,0)-(12,0) Schumann-Runge bands of oxygen. Predissociation linewidths deduced for the Schumann-Runge bands are larger than the theoretical predictions of Julienne [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 63, 60 (1976)] and the latest measurements of Lewis et al. [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat Transfer 36, 187 (1986)]. The larger linewidths found will have an impact on calculations of solar flux penetration into the Earth's atmosphere and of the photodissociation rates of trace species in the upper atmosphere. Systematic variation of predissociation linewidths with rotational quantum number is observed in the bands (v′,0) with v′ = 6, 8, 9, 11, and 12. © 1990 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

The application of a VUV Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron radiation source to measurements of: II. The δ(1,0) band of NO

Line-by-line photoabsorption cross-sections of the NO δ(1,0) band were measured with the VUV Fourier transform spectrometer from Imperial College, London, using synchrotron radiation at Photon Factory, KEK, Japan, as a continuum light source. The analysis of the NO δ(1,0) band provides accurate rotational line positions and term values as well as the photoabsorption cross-sections. The molecular constants of the C(1)2 II level are found to be T0 = 54 690.155±0.03 cm–1, Bv = 1.944 06±0.000 62 cm–1, Dv = (5.91±0.42)×10–5 cm–1, AD = –0.0187±0.0050 cm–1, p = –0.0189±0.0037 cm–1, and q = –0.015 21±0.000 20 cm–1. The sum of the line strengths for all rotational transitions of the NO δ(1,0) band is determined as 4.80×10–15 cm2 cm–1, corresponding to a band oscillator strength of 0.0054±0.0003.published_or_final_versio

The application of a VUV Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron radiation source to measurements of: I. the β(9,0) band of NO

State-of-the-art models of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorbing properties of the atmosphere call for absorption cross sections with detail on the scale of the Doppler widths. As a consequence, spectroscopic data at resolving powers of the order of 10 6 are needed. To meet these requirements in the vacuum ultraviolet region, we have used the VUV Fourier transform spectrometer from Imperial College, London, at the synchrotron radiation facility at Photon Factory, KEK, Japan, to measure photoabsorption cross sections of NO from 195 to 160 nm, and of O 2 from 185 to 175 nm. The analysis of the β(9,0) band (B 2Π r-X 2Π r) of NO provides accurate rotational line positions and term values. Molecular constants of the B(9) 2Π level are T 0=54205.097±0.012cm -1, A=45.320±0.021cm -1, B υ=1.01672±0.00016cm -1, D υ=(10.61±0.32)×10 -6cm -1, and A D=0.00122±0.00011cm -1. The rotational line strengths and the branching ratios are also presented. The band oscillator strength is obtained as f=2.65×10 -4. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

The Schumann-Runge absorption bands of O2 at 670 K and the spectroscopic constants of the ground state, X3Σ-g

High-resolution absorption spectra of O 2 have been photographed at 670 K throughout the wavelength region 179 to 212 nm. Precise wavelength measurements and rotational analyses of the Schumann-Runge (v′, v″) bands with v′ = 12-17 and v″ = 1-4 have been completed. The term values for the B 3Σ - u and the X 3Σ - g states are presented. Spectroscopic constants of the X 3Σ - g state of O 2 for v″ = 1-4 have been determined. Good agreement has been obtained between the determined molecular constants and those reported earlier. © 1996 Academic Press, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

High resolution absorption cross sections in the transmission window region of the Schumann-Runge bands and Herzberg continuum of O2

The absorption cross sections of the Schumann-Runge bands in the window region between the rotational lines have been measured in the wavelength region 180-195 nm. The measurements have been done with many different pressures of oxygen, 2.5-760 torr, so that the pressure-dependent absorption can be separated from the main cross sections. The published cross sections [Yoshino et al.. Planet. Space Sci. 31, 339 (1983)] in the window region are superseded by the present cross sections. The combined cross sections are presented graphically here and are available at wavenumber intervals of 0̃.1 cm -1 as numerical compilations stored on magnetic tape, from the National Space Science Data Center, NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A. The Herzberg continuum cross sections are derived after subtracting calculated contributions from the Schumann-Runge bands and are significantly smaller than any previous measurements. © 1992.link_to_subscribed_fulltex