Association of chronic medical conditions with preterm labor

BACKGROUND: Prematurity is the most common cause of neonatal death and according to Millennium Development Goal (MDG), two-thirds of all under-five deaths should be reduced by 2015. Therefore, this study examined factors related to preterm birth in Sanandaj, Iran in 2012. METHODS: This case-control study has been conducted on 600 pregnant women; cases were 200 women with preterm labor and controls were 400 women with term labor, in Be’sat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, in 2012. Results were analyzed by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and logistic regression tests. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, overt diabetes (P = 0.030), chronic hypertension (P < 0.001), preeclampsia and eclampsia (P < 0.001), had significant correlations with preterm labor. However, multivariate analysis results showed that factors like preeclampsia and eclampsia (P < 0.001) and chronic hypertension (P = 0.030) had significant correlation with the incidence of premature birth. In univariate and multivariate analysis, anemia (P = 0.340) had not any association with the preterm labor. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed some chronic maternal conditions such as chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which are important pre-existing medical disorder complicating pregnancy and control of blood pressure and blood sugar before pregnancy, and have an important effect in decreased of preterm labor and complications. But others such as mother’s anemia were not responsible for the prematurity

Association of chronic medical conditions with preterm labor

BACKGROUND: Prematurity is the most common cause of neonatal death and according to Millennium Development Goal (MDG), two-thirds of all under-five deaths should be reduced by 2015. Therefore, this study examined factors related to preterm birth in Sanandaj, Iran in 2012. METHODS: This case-control study has been conducted on 600 pregnant women; cases were 200 women with preterm labor and controls were 400 women with term labor, in Be’sat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, in 2012. Results were analyzed by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and logistic regression tests. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, overt diabetes (P = 0.030), chronic hypertension (P < 0.001), preeclampsia and eclampsia (P < 0.001), had significant correlations with preterm labor. However, multivariate analysis results showed that factors like preeclampsia and eclampsia (P < 0.001) and chronic hypertension (P = 0.030) had significant correlation with the incidence of premature birth. In univariate and multivariate analysis, anemia (P = 0.340) had not any association with the preterm labor. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed some chronic maternal conditions such as chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which are important pre-existing medical disorder complicating pregnancy and control of blood pressure and blood sugar before pregnancy, and have an important effect in decreased of preterm labor and complications. But others such as mother’s anemia were not responsible for the prematurity

Gender and Risk of Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Although numerous observational studies have investigated the association between gender and risk of congenital hypothyroidism, the role of gender as a risk factor for congenital hypothyroidism remains unknown.Thismeta-analysis was conducted to summarize the epidemiologic evidence of the effect of gender on the congenital hypothyroidism occurrence, and also to identify the sex ratio for congenital hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of numerous electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Science Direct was performed until February 1st, 2017. All studies designed case-control (six studies with 3,254 subjects) and cross-sectional studies (eight studies with 8,258,745 subjects) addressing the association by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were included. Moreover, eleven cross-sectional studies were also included providing a sex ratio for congenital hypothyroidism. Pooled Mantel-Haenszel OR (MH OR) with 95% CI was estimated using the random-effects method. Results The overall summary results showed that girl gender is associated with an increased risk of congenital hypothyroidism (pooled MH OR=1.46; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.95). The pooled MH OR for case-control studies was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.35, 2.13), whereas the pooled MH OR for cross-sectional studies was 1.26 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.59). In addition, pooled female to male sex ratio of congenital hypothyroidism incidence was 1.35 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.83). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis provide evidence for a higher risk in girl gender for developing congenital hypothyroidism. More epidemiological and clinical studies are needed to explore why girl gender is at increased risk of congenital hypothyroidism compared with boy

Prevalence of osteoporosis in Iran: A meta-analysis

Background: Several studies have investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis among general population in several parts of Iran. However, the results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: International and national electronic databases were searched until April 2012, including Web of Knowledge, Medline, Scopus, Ovid, ScienceDirect, Science Information Database, IranMedex, MagIran, as well the relevant conference databases. The reference lists of included studies were screened as well. The cross-sectional studies addressing the prevalence of osteoporosis among Iranian general population were retrieved irrespective of age and sex. Bone mineral density (BMD) based on T-score was classified as follows: (a) normal (T-score ≥−1); (b) osteopenia (-2.5SD < T-score <−1SD); (c) osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.5). Study quality was assessed using the recommended checklist of STROBE. Results: Of 2598 retrieved studies, 31 studies comprising 34,814 people was used for meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in lumbar spine was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.20) and that of osteopenia was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.39). The prevalence was higher in older age groups, in women, and in the northern regions of the country, with an increasing trend in recent years. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that osteoporosis and osteopenia are common problems among Iranian population older than 30 years. Furthermore, increasing trend of the diseases in recent years is promising a critical public health problem in Iran in the near future. However, due to the heterogeneity between the studies′ results, further evidence based on a national survey is needed to estimate the exact prevalence of the diseases in the country

The effect of dairy consumption on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of prospective studies

Introduction: There is no global consensus on the relationship of dairy products with cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the consumption of dairy products on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Important electronic databases such as the Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed were evaluated up to September 2014. All prospective cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between dairy products consumption and cardiovascular diseases were included regardless of their publication date and language. The study participants were evaluated regardless of age, sex, and ethnicity. The STROBE checklist was used to assess quality of the study. Two investigators separately selected the studies and extracted the data. The designated effects were risk ratio (RR) and hazard ratio (HR). The random effect model was used to combine the results. Results: Meta-analysis was performed on 27 studies. There were 8648 cases of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 11806 cases of CHD, and 29300 cases of stroke. An inverse association was found between total dairy intake and CVD (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99) and stroke (RR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) while no association was observed between total dairy intake and CHD. The total diary intake was associated with decreased mortality of stroke (RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.76-0.83) although it had no association with its incidence (RR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04). Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis of the relationship of total dairy intake with CVD. This study showed an inverse relationship between total dairy intake and CVD while no relationship was found for CHD. Considering the limited number of studies in this regard, more studies are required to investigate the effect of different factors on the association of dairy intake and CVD

The effect of dairy consumption on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of prospective studies

Introduction: There is no global consensus on the relationship of dairy products with cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the consumption of dairy products on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Important electronic databases such as the Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed were evaluated up to September 2014. All prospective cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between dairy products consumption and cardiovascular diseases were included regardless of their publication date and language. The study participants were evaluated regardless of age, sex, and ethnicity. The STROBE checklist was used to assess quality of the study. Two investigators separately selected the studies and extracted the data. The designated effects were risk ratio (RR) and hazard ratio (HR). The random effect model was used to combine the results. Results: Meta-analysis was performed on 27 studies. There were 8648 cases of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 11806 cases of CHD, and 29300 cases of stroke. An inverse association was found between total dairy intake and CVD (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99) and stroke (RR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) while no association was observed between total dairy intake and CHD. The total diary intake was associated with decreased mortality of stroke (RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.76-0.83) although it had no association with its incidence (RR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04). Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis of the relationship of total dairy intake with CVD. This study showed an inverse relationship between total dairy intake and CVD while no relationship was found for CHD. Considering the limited number of studies in this regard, more studies are required to investigate the effect of different factors on the association of dairy intake and CVD