A systematic literature review on the code smells datasets and validation mechanisms

The accuracy reported for code smell-detecting tools varies depending on the dataset used to evaluate the tools. Our survey of 45 existing datasets reveals that the adequacy of a dataset for detecting smells highly depends on relevant properties such as the size, severity level, project types, number of each type of smell, number of smells, and the ratio of smelly to non-smelly samples in the dataset. Most existing datasets support God Class, Long Method, and Feature Envy while six smells in Fowler and Beck's catalog are not supported by any datasets. We conclude that existing datasets suffer from imbalanced samples, lack of supporting severity level, and restriction to Java language.Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures, 12 tables, Accepte

Hyperhomocysteinemia, Folateo and B12 Vitamin in Iranian Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

<strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of some factors such<br />as serum levels of homocysteine, folate and B12 vitamin with stroke in acute ischemic stroke<br />patients.<br /><strong>METHODS</strong>: In this case control study, serum levels of homocysteine, folate and B12 vitamin in<br />93 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital between<br />September 2008 and January 2010, and 93 healthy controls were measured. Cerebrovascular<br />risk factors including age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus,<br />alcohol consumption, coronary artery disease and obesity were recorded. The results were<br />compared between the case and control groups.<br /><strong>RESULTS</strong>: The mean &plusmn; standard deviation (SD) of fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) level in<br />acute ischemic stroke patients was 20.58 &plusmn; 19.6 0mol/L, which was significantly higher than<br />that of control group being 14.11 &plusmn; 9.5 0mol/L (P = 0.002). 39 (41.9%) stroke cases and 25<br />(26.8%) controls had hyperhomocysteinemia. There were no significant relationships between<br />tHcy, folate and B12 vitamin levels with the above mentioned cerebrovascular risk factors except<br />for smoking (p&gt; 0.05). No significant difference in B12 vitamin and folate levels between<br />patients and healthy controls were detected (P&gt; 0.05).<br /><strong>CONCLUSION</strong>: Hyperhomocysteinemia is common in Iranian patients with acute ischemic<br />stroke and might play a role as an independent risk factor in stroke.<br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Stroke, Homocysteine, B12 Vitamin, Folate

Scalable Autonomic Management of 3D Cardiac Simulations

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) affects millions of Americans each year and it is the leading cause of hospitalization of the patients over the age of 65. The 3D cardiac simulation based on the bidomain model play an important role in understanding the CHF by simulating the interactions between the tissue cells. However, the computation complexity of the cardiac models has led cardiac researchers to less accurate models that are computationally tractable. In this thesis, we propose algorithmic and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) specific optimizations to significantly reduce the amount and the complexity of computations needed for solving the bidmoain model. We propose a data reduction strategy and 2D cut based workload partitioning strategy to minimize the data transfer overhead and achieve strong scalability when executing the simulations on a multi-GPU environment. We propose an autonomic management framework based on the physics aware programming (PAP) paradigm for accelerating the cardiac simulations of monodomain model further beyond what can be achieved through traditional parallelization efforts. We apply machine learning techniques to detect the phase of the simulation during each time step of the 3D model of a human cardiac simulation. We dynamically change the resolution of the simulation based on the detected phase, and adjust the numerical solvers to optimize performance without sacrificing the accuracy of the simulation. We show that the scalable, algorithmically optimized and PAP-based implementation of bidomain model on 16 GPUs reduces the execution time of the 3D cardiac simulations by a factor of 128 and 145124 compared to the state-of-the-art multi-GPU (on 16 GPUs) implementation and CPU-based serial implementation respectively based on tissue size of 256×256×256 with a simulation accuracy of 99.9%. This drastic reduction in simulation time will allow clinicians to accurately identify the CHF patients prone to ventricular arrhythmias, rapidly evaluate and develop therapy options, and perform interactive cardiac analysis without the risk of the invasive procedure.Release after 22-Mar-201

INTERFACIAL DYNAMICS OF A BUBBLE/DROP IMPACTING A SOLID SURFACE

88 pagesDynamics of a bubble/drop impacting a solid surface has been investigated through experimental and computational methods. First, the bubble-wall interaction has been characterized with a small air bubble as it impacts a solid substrate of different wall angles. We numerically solved a force balance including buoyancy, hydrodynamic inertia & drag, lift and thin film force to determine the bubble motion. Specifically, shear stress generated on the wall has been calculated and compared with bacterium adhesion force in order to evaluate a potential sanitization function. Next, the drop interaction with a monolayer of glass particles, deposited on a solid surface, has been investigated. We show that a small amount of particles on the surface can trigger the corona splashing via interactions between the rim and particles. Upon the drop impact and spreading, some particles can stay in front of the rim and form the packed area which finally will deform the rim and result in corona splashing. The splashing on a particulate bed can lead to a better understanding of soil loss and erosion dynamics due to the raindrops impacts.2022-08-2

Modeling and Economic Assessment of Integrated Gasification with Sorbent CO2 Capture

Uncertainty in the price of conventional energy sources, such as oil and natural gas, along with increasing evidence of climate change have rekindled great interest in the development of processes that can produce clean synthetic gasses (hydrogen and carbon monoxide). In this context, gasification of carbonaceous solids followed by syngas conversion processes have taken a center stage. In the first part of this study, two approaches for simulation of coal gasification process in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor are studied. The first method is an equilibrium model based on minimization of Gibbs free energy which predicts the thermodynamic limits of the product gas composition for an air-blown coal gasifier. The thermodynamic equilibrium model is further modified by introducing an approach temperature which corresponds to the deviation from equilibrium condition. The major components in produced gas, H2, H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, and N2 have been determined and compared with the pure equilibrium modeling as well as the experimental data. In the second approach, an Eulerian-Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has been developed to predict the hydrodynamic behavior of the fluidization regime in the gasifier. The predicted hydrodynamic parameters from the CFD simulation are integrated into the kinetics of gasification chemical reactions taking place in the bubble, cloud and emulsion phases. The comparison of the predicted results with experimental measurements showed that most of the predicted molar gas compositions in the produced gas were within 15% of the experimental data. The model was further used to predict the performance of the gasifier at different operating conditions. In the second part of the study, an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle with in-situ CO2 capture using lime (IGCC-SCC) has been developed in order to assess the application of gasification process in power generation industry. Aspen Plus is used to simulate the detailed heat and material balance of the process. The base case was defined with 3000 tons of coal feed per day in order to compare the overall performance results of the proposed process with industrial gasification coal-to-power processes. Furthermore, a high level economic model is prepared in order to evaluate the economic viability of IGCC-SCC plant in comparison to GE Energy and Shell Convective gasification processes for converting coal to power with the same feed coal capacity in U.S. Total capital cost (CAPEX) of the IGCC-SCC facility is estimated to be USD 1,082,869,813 with an annual operating cost (OPEX) of USD $ 187,818,045. An indicative Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PP) of the IGCC-SCC plant is compared with the IRR and PP of the same size GE Energy and Shell Convective facilities. An after tax IRR of 14.4 % which translates to 9.1 years of Payback Period is estimated for the IGCC-SCC plant. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted on the economic results in order to identify the relative importance of the key economic variables driving the project returns, and to quantify the impact of changes in the assumed values on the IGCC-SCC economics

Adjustment of drag coefficient correlations in three dimensional cfd simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed

Bibliography: p. 67-73Some pages are in colour

Removing proteins or bacteria on a tilted surface using air bubbles

Cleaning surfaces with bubbles has been a topic of discussion in recent years due to the growing interest in sustainable methods for cleaning. Specifically, a method of using air bubbles to sanitize agricultural produce has been proposed as an eco-friendly alternative to current methods. In this study, we conduct experiments to test the cleaning efficacy at different angles of inclination of a contaminated surface. We use two different types of surface coated with either a protein solution or a bacterial biofilm. Our experimental results indicate that bubbles exhibit the best cleaning efficacy at the surface angle of $\theta \approx 20^{\rm{o}}$ for polydisperse bubbles in the range of 0.3-2 mm and with an average radius of 0.6 mm in radius. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, we perform a numerical analysis of a single air bubble impacting surfaces with different angles. Our numerical and theoretical results show that the shear stress, which is proportional to the sliding speed but inversely proportional to the thickness of the film, results in the maximum shear force occurring at $\theta\approx22^{\rm{o}} \approx \pi/8$ which agrees well with the experiments

Epstein–Barr virus reactivation‐related meningoencephalitis with transverse myelitis in pregnancy

Key Clinical Message Consider the differential of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in pregnant women who develop progressive meningoencephalitis and transverse myelitis. EBV nucleic acid amplification should be considered in immunosuppressed patients. Abstract A 32‐year‐old G10P6M3K22 pregnant female presented to a regional hospital with progressive severe neurological and behavioral deficits. Magnetic resonance revealed cervical transverse myelitis. Lumbar puncture confirmed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA on a background of IgG‐positive EBV serology. A diagnosis of EBV reactivation‐related meningoencephalitis with transverse myelitis in pregnancy was concluded