Green and Environmentally Sustainable Fabrication of CuFe2O4/CuO-rGO@EosinY as Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives

One of the biggest challenges to the expansion of photochemical processes has been the creation of effective visible light photocatalysts for organic synthesis. Heterogeneous photocatalysts present a favorable procedure to realize green and eco-friendly organic reactions. we fabricated the heterogenous catalyst CuFe2O4/CuO-rGO@EosinY (EY) by immobilizing eosin on the substrate CuFe2O4/CuO-rGO. The substrate of eosin was fabricated from the calcination of basil seed hydrogel (BSH) impregnated with copper and iron. The prepared heterogeneous catalyst as photocatalyst was applied in a green one-pot multi-component protocol for the production of biologically important xanthene derivatives via condensation of aromatic aldehydes and dimedone under the condition of visible light irradiation. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, and TGA. The significant advantages of the present methodology include remarkable yield, cost-effectiveness, easy work-up, broad substrate scope, and significant reusability. The prepared catalyst was used four times without a significant decrease in reaction efficiency

Green SDS-assisted synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives in the water

A simple, practical and convenient procedure for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives has been developed by reaction of 1,2-phenylenediamines with 1,2-diketones in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the aqueous medium at room temperature without any organic solvent

Nano perlite sulfuric acid: an inexpensive heterogeneous acid catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and tetrahydrobenzoxanthenes under solvent-free conditions

Nano perlite sulfuric acid (n-PeSA) as an inexpensive powerful solid acid nanocatalyst has been successfully applied for the efficient and green synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and tetrahydrobenzoxanthenes under solvent free condition in excellent yield. These new procedures offer many advantages including ease of preparation and handling, low cost and low toxicity of catalyst, environmental friendliness reaction conditions, short reaction time and absence of any tedious workup or purification .Furthermore, the catalyst could be recycled and reused at least five times without appreciable deterioration in catalytic activity, confirming the stability of the covalent bonding of acidic centers

Kinetic and Thermodynamic study of Cd (II), Co (II), Zn (II) removal from aqueous solution by Kiwi Tree Leaves

In this study, a perfect adsorbent presented for removal of the heavy metals Co2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution and waste water by using activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste, kiwi tree leaves. Studies agree with, Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of constants for the Thermodynamic and kinetic isotherms were obtained. The kinetic isotherm experiment data could be well described with the pseudo-second order kinetic model and, Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption processes were exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The result of experiments showed that Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ metal ions removal increased with increasing pH, amount of adsorbent and, decreased with increasing the temperature and initial concentration of solutions. It was demonstrated that the developed method based on Kiwi tree leaves is safe, easy, inexpensive, fast and trusty for eliminate of toxic metal ions from wastewater

Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O: An Efficient Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Both under Reflux or Solvent-Free Conditions

Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O efficiently catalyzes the three-component Biginelli reaction between an aldehyde, a β-dicarbonyl compound, and urea or thiourea in refluxing ethanol and solvent-free (SF) conditions to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in high yields. The advantages of this method involve the easy procedure, the environmentally friendly process, and the low cost of the Lewis acid catalyst

Oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds using aluminum nitrate nine hydrate (Al(NO3)3.9H2O) under solvent-free conditions

A simple and easy method has been reported for the oxidation of alcohols using aluminum nitrate nine hydrate (Al(NO3)3.9H2O) as an oxidant, without any auxiliary reagent. Reactions were accomplished in solvent-free conditions with excellent or good yields at 80ï° C

Easy Access to Coumarin Derivatives Using Alumina Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst under Solvent-Free Conditions

A new and efficient condition for the use of alumina sulfuric acid (ASA) as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Pechmann condensation reaction in solvent-free condition for the formation of coumarins has been reported

An effective and efficient method for the synthesis of pyrazole-fused isocoumarins by the recyclable magnetic solid acid γ-Fe2O3-SO3H under solvent-free condition

A novel and effective method in order to improvement of synthesis of pyrazole-fused isocoumarins from available materials such as ninhydrin and arylhydrazones was consider in this paper. A variety of substituted pyrazole-fused isocoumarin were synthesized by a one-pot reaction of ninhydrin and arylhydrazone in ecxellent yields under solvent-free conditions. In this reactions γ-Fe2O3-SO3H was used as, reusable, green and efficient catalyst. The attractive advantages of this method are the high yields, mild condition and reusability of the catalyst. The pyrazole-fused isocoumarin derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, and some of them are known as GABA receptor

Polyvinyl amine as a modified and grafted shell for Fe3O4 nanoparticles: As a strong solid base catalyst for the synthesis of various dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives and the Knoevenagel condensation

In this work, we reported one-step deposition of polyacrylamide on nano-magnetite surface via a simple and in situ polymerization of acryl amide to form n-Fe3O4/PAM nanocomposite. The amide (–CONH2) groups could be converted easily to amine (–NH2) groups through Hofmann degradation to introduce n-Fe3O4/PVAm as a highly efficient heterogeneous base catalyst. The obtained organic-inorganic nanocomposite exhibited high catalytic activity for the solvent-free syntheses of various dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives and the Knoevenagel condensation in high to excellent yields and in the following, a plausible mechanism for the synthesis of them has been proposed. Because of the polymer layer coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the catalyst has many catalytic units, and acceptable thermal stability and recyclability. Titration, FT-IR, SEM, TGA, VSM, and XRD analysis were used for characterization of the catalyst. Also, the nanocomposite can be easily recovered by a magnetic field and reused up to 9 times without distinct deterioration in catalytic activity. Keywords: Functional polymers, Heterogeneous catalysis, Knoevenagel condensation, Functional organic sites, Pyranopyrazole

Synthesis of α, α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones with cellulose sulfuric acid utilizing microwave irradiation under solvent free condition

Synthesis of É, α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones under microwave irradiation has been achieved in the presence of a catalytic amount of bio-supported cellulose sulfuric from condensation of aromatic aldehydes with cycloalkanones. High speed (3-10 min), simple work up and easy recovery for several times of the catalyst are the most obvious advantages of this procedure. The use of microwave for the synthesis of organic compounds under solvent-free conditions has been proven to be an efficient, safe, and environmentally benign technique