Combinatorial usage of sumac unriped fruit extract (Rhus Coriaria) and tannic acid enhanced synergistic anti-angiogenic effect on chick chorioallantoic membrane assay

Rhus coriaria (sumac) naturally grows worldwide and contains many phytochemicals. Tannic acid is frequently used for treating medical conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the synergistic effects of methanolic and acetonic extracts of Rhus coriaria's from unriped fruits in combination with tannic acid on angiogenesis by using the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. The effects of methanol and acetone extracts of Sumac (MES and AES, respectively, at a final concentration of 5 mg/mL for both) and tannic acid (Tan 1.25 and 5 mg/mL) alone or in combination were examined for their effect on angiogenesis by applying the CAM assay. CAM assay results showed that AES is more effective than MES on suppressing angiogenesis. Tannic acid started to show antiangiogenic effects at the concentration of 5 mg/ mL. When AES and tannic acid were used in combination at a dose of 5 mg/mL each, a very strong antiangiogenic effect was observed (score; 1.1±0.131, p<0.001). The combinatorial usage of AES and tannic acid may result in strong suppression of angiogenesis, an effect that is shown in this study for the first time. Based on this observation, combinatorial usage of sumac extracts and tannic acid could be promising as a new antiangiogenic therapy. © 2021 Istanbul University. All rights reserved

Chloroquine used in combination with chemotherapy synergistically suppresses growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

Background: The inhibition of autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors such as chloroquine may be an effective strategy to overcome chemotherapy or resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin (0.1-1 μM), chloroquine (0.25-32 μM) and their combination were investigated by employing ATP assay in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effect of doxorubicin and chloroquine combination was also measured using tube formation assay on Matrigel. The anti-angiogenic activities of doxorubicin (2.5 μg/pellet) and chloroquine (15 μg/pellet), their combination, and standards (50 μg/pellet) were tested in vivo using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results: The combination of doxorubicin and chloroquine significantly had a stronger anti-angiogenic effect than the positive control (±)-thalidomide and doxorubicin alone in the CAM assay and in vitro tube-formation assay. Conclusion: Chloroquine enhanced the anti-angiogenic effect of doxorubicin on CAM at the tested concentrations. © 2018 International Institute of Anticancer Research. All rights reserved

Effects of combined administration of doxorubicin and chloroquine on lung pathology in mice with solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Combined use of a chemotherapeutic agent and an autophagy inhibitor is a novel cancer treatment strategy. We investigated the effects of chloroquine (CQ) on lung pathology caused by both solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and doxorubicin (DXR). A control group and eight experimental groups of adult female mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 2.5 × 106 EAC cells. DXR (1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and CQ (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) alone or in combination were injected intraperitoneally on days 2, 7 and 12 following inoculation with EAC cells. Lung tissue samples were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for endothelial (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Serum catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using ELISA. We found decreased levels of iNOS and eNOS in the groups that received 1.5 mg/kg DXR alone and in combination with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg CQ. Combined administration of DXR and CQ partially prevented disruption of alveolar structure. Levels of antioxidant enzymes and MDA were lower in all treated groups; the greatest reduction was observed in mice that received the combination of 25 mg/kg CQ + 1.5 mg/kg DXR. Levels of NGAL were elevated in all treated groups. We found that CQ ameliorated both EAC and DOX induced lung pathology in female mice with solid EAC by reducing oxidative stress. © 2022 The Biological Stain Commission