Influencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la aparición de pie de riesgo, previo al estudio complementario con termografía infrarroja

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem. The diabetic foot is a degeneration of the vascular structure of the feet, whose patients present neurological problems that need to be identified in the shortest possible time.Objective: The study's objective was to analyse the influence of risk factors in the appearance of the foot at risk as complementary data to the infrared thermography study.Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study was proposed for a sample of 479 subjects corresponding to two groups – cases (subjects with diabetes) and control (subjects without diabetes). The cases group comprised 277 subjects, mean age 63.41 years, 138 men (49.8%) and 139 women (50.2%). The control group comprised 202 subjects, mean age 61.92 years, 99 men (49%) and 103 women (51%). Images were taken with an FLIR E60bx® camera (FLIR® Company, Boston, USA). The statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 statistical package.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the study of the different risk factors is key to the diagnosis of the foot at risk. It was solidly established that age evidently conditions the risk, since advanced ages corresponded to greater BMI and waist circumference. This type of study, together with the analysis by infrared thermography, is useful for the diagnosis and prevention of compromised areas of the foot, thus avoiding the obvious triggering of the damage typical of a diabetic foot.Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus es un problema de salud pública. El Pie diabético es una degeneración de la estructura vascular de los pies, cuyos pacientes presentan problemas neurológicos, necesarios de identificar en el menor tiempo posible. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es analizar la influencia de los factores de riesgo en la aparición del pie de riesgo, como datos complementarios al estudio mediante termografía infrarroja. Método: Se plantea un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional sobre una muestra de 479 sujetos encuadrados en dos grupos, grupo casos (personas con diabetes) y grupo control (personas sin diabetes). El grupo casos compuesto de un total de 277 personas, con una edad media de 63.41 años, [138 hombres (49.8%) y 139 mujeres (50.2%)]. De igual modo para el grupo control, el número consistió en 202 usuarios, con una edad media de 61.92 años, [ 99 hombres (49%) y 103 mujeres (51%)]. La toma de imágenes se ha llevado a cabo con la cámara FLIR E60bx® (FLIR® Company, Boston, USA). El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos se ha realizado utilizando el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics 22.Conclusión: Se puede concluir afirmando que el estudio de los diferentes factores de riesgo es clave en el diagnóstico del pie de riesgo. Se puede establecer con rotundidad que la edad es un condicionante evidente, ya que las edades avanzadas se corresponden con un IMC y perímetro abdominal mayor. Unido al análisis mediante termografía infrarroja en la evaluación del pie de riesgo es útil para el diagnóstico y prevención de zonas comprometidas del pie, evitando así el desencadenante evidente en los daños propios de un pie diabético

Thermal differences in the plantar surface of skin the foot after using three different lining materials for plantar orthotics.

The lining materials of plantar orthoses are chosen for their hardness, breathability, and moisture absorption, but without there being any clear scientific criterion. Thermographic analysis would provide information about the thermal response of the sole of the foot, and would thereby allow the choice to be adapted in accordance with this criterion. The objective of this study was to evaluate plantar temperatures after the use of three materials with different characteristics. Plantar temperatures were analyzed by using a FLIR E60BX thermographic camera on 36 participants (15 men and 21 women, 24.6 ± 8.2 years old, 67.1 ± 13.6 kg, and 1.7 ± 0.09 m). Measurements were made before and after (3 h) the use of three lining materials for plantar orthoses (Material 1: PE copolymer; Material 2: EVA; Material 3: PE-EVA copolymer) on different days. For Material 1 (PE), the temperature under the heel was significantly higher after exercise, increasing from 30.8 ± 2.9 °C to 31.9 ± 2.8 °C (p = 0.008), and negative correlations were found between room temperature and the pre/post temperature difference for the big toe (r = −0.342, p = 0.041) and the 1st metatarsal head (r = −0.334, p = 0.046). No significant pre/post temperature differences were found with the other materials. The three materials thermoregulated the plantar surface efficiently by maintaining the skin temperature at levels similar to those evaluated before exercise. If PE is used as a lining material, it should be avoided for the heel area in patients with hyperhidrosis or those with a tendency to suffer from skin pathologies due to excess moisture

La construcción de la identidad p’urhepechas a partir de la educación intercultural bilingüe propia

El proyecto “T’arhexperakua – Creciendo juntos” surge en dos escuelas p’urhepechas de la Meseta Tarasco en el centro-oeste mexicano como iniciativa de un equipo de maestras y maestros indígenas en 1995. Dada la alta vitalidad etnolingüística en la zona, los niños llegan prácticamente monolingües a la escuela. El programa tradicional de “castellanización” había arrojado pésimos resultados, como en las demás escuelas de la región. Los docentes se convencieron a través de su práctica que, en las condiciones imperantes, no era posible enseñar las matemáticas, la lectura y escritura, junto con las demás asignaturas, en una lengua que sus alumnos no conocían. A diferencia de otras escuelas, sin embargo, transformaron su experiencia en acción de cambio. Tomaron la decisión audaz de enseñar todas las asignaturas en p’urhepecha para que los alumnos entendieran bien lo que aprendían, para que lo aprendieran mejor y con mayor participación. En 1999 llegó un equipo de investigación para conocer el proyecto. Por invitación del colegiado docente indígena, realizó un estudio sobre el proyecto escolar y continuó después a desarrollar una larga colaboración con las escuelas en la elaboración de un modelo escolar propio. El presente texto describe el currículo y sus componentes, como también el proceso de planificación curricular. Toma como ejemplo dos clases para demostrar su funcionamiento; una clase en p’urhepecha tematiza la cosmovisión de su territorio, el cerro y sus bosques, y de la defensa del territorio ancestral. La otra clase en p’urhepecha activa su rica morfología con sus clasificadores de forma y tamaño para enseñar la fracción en una clase de matemáticas. La observación de clase muestra de qué manera los docentes desarrollan una política lingüística e identitaria en torno a la presencia y funcionalidad de su lengua en el lugar de prestigio que es la escuela

Running thermoregulation effects using bioceramics versus polyester fibres socks

The feet, covered by socks and shoes during running, undergo an increase of temperature. The aim of this study was to reduce heat generation in the feet of athletes during running by wearing novel thermoregulatory socks impregnated with bioceramic materials. Thirty male athletes ran a half-marathon (21.0975 km) wearing polyester based with bioceramic fibres (zirconium silicate and titanium oxide) and control socks (polyester). The average temperatures were measured with a thermographic camera (FLIR e60bx) before and after the run. Nine regions of interests were evaluated in the plantar surface and eight in the dorsum. Before running, the plantar region with the highest temperature was the inner midfoot (plantar arch) with 30.3 2.1◦C on the control sock and 30.2 2.1◦C on the bioceramic one. After running, smaller temperatures were found at the plantar surface of five regions of interests: heel, inner midfoot, first and fifth metatarsal heads and first toe and all the dorsal regions of the bioceramic socks. The amount of temperature reduction from the bioceramic sock was between –1.1 and –1.3◦C in heel, inner midfoot, first MTH and first toe (plantar) and 1.3◦C at the dorsum of first and fifth toes. Polyester-based socks with bioceramic fibre materials, due to far-infrared radiation, promote cooler temperatures on the sock surface after running. This effect is more effective in heel, the inner midfoot and the first MTH and could help improve the behaviour of the sock to make it denser in bioceramics and preventing running lesions, like blisters

Mercados diferenciados en organizaciones cafetaleras del centro de Veracruz, México

Mexico is among the top ten coffee producers and Veracruz ranks second nationally. Since the end of the 20th century there has been a crisis derived from the liberation of the international market, overproduction, and low prices. In Mexico, it translates into privatization policies that have a negative impact on the coffee growing regions. Some coffee growers have been able to keep venturing into differentiated markets that give a premium to the product. The objective was to identify the problems and challenges faced by eight organizations to commercialize coffee in differentiated markets. A semi-structured interview was applied to the leaders and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The main problems are reduced niches in specialty markets, poor marketing, high export costs and low domestic consumption. The challenges: increase productivity and quality, improve marketing strategies, and promote national consumption.México está entre los diez principales productores de café y Veracruz ocupa el segundo lugar nacional. Desde fines del siglo XX hay una crisis derivada de la liberación del mercado internacional, sobreproducción y bajos precios. En México se traduce en políticas de privatización que repercuten negativamente en las regiones cafetaleras. Algunos cafeticultores han podido mantenerse incursionando en mercados diferenciados que otorgan un sobreprecio al producto. El objetivo fue identificar los problemas y retos que enfrentan ocho organizaciones para comercializar café en mercados diferenciados. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a los dirigentes y los datos se analizaron cualitativamente. Los principales problemas son: reducidos nichos en mercados de especialidad, deficiente mercadotecnia, altos costos de exportación y bajo consumo nacional. Los retos: incrementar la productividad y calidad, mejorar estrategias de mercadotecnia y fomentar el consumo nacional. Los mercados diferenciados presentan alto potencial ante la crisis, si son parte de una estrategia integral

Longitudinal Analysis of Plantar Pressures with Wear of a Running Shoe

Running shoes typically have a lifespan of 300–1000 km, and the plantar pressure pattern during running may change as the shoe wears. So, the aim of this study was to determine the variation of plantar pressures with shoe wear, and the runner’s subjective sensation. Maximun Plantar Pressures (MMP) were measured from 33 male recreational runners at three times during a training season (beginning, 350 km, and 700 km) using the Biofoot/IBV® in-shoe system (Biofoot/IBV®, Valencia, Spain). All the runners wore the same shoes (New Balance® 738, Boston, MA, USA) during this period, and performed similar training. The zones supporting most pressure at all three study times were the medial (inner) column of the foot and the forefoot. There was a significant increase in pressure on the midfoot over the course of the training season (from 387.8 to 590 kPa, p = 0.003). The runners who felt the worst cushioning under the midfoot were those who had the highest peak pressures in that area (p = 0.002). The New Balance® 738 running shoe effectively maintains the plantar pressure pattern after 700 km of use under all the zones studied except the midfoot, probably due to material fatigue or deficits of the specific cushioning systems in that area.Junta de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) GR15073 y GR1817

Age related changes in the Q angle of non-professional football players

Background Football practice involves a great muscular demand, leading to the development of the lower limbs that, on occasions, can cause deviations from the normal anthropometric values. The quadriceps angle (Q angle) is a value often taken as a reference for the alignment of the lower limbs. Objective To observe the changes of the Q angle in young football players, because of muscular effort, analyzing the differences between four groups of different ages and to determine whether the playing position might influence these variations. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out with 104 male subjects divided into four groups according to age: under 8 years-old, 8-17 years-old, 17-21 years-old and over 21 years-old. A photograph was taken in standing position and the Q angle was plotted with KINOVEA® software. As for the reliability of the measurements, intraclass intra and interobserver coefficient were 0.958 and 0.860 respectively. The study was conducted in mid-season. Results Q angle value is greater in those under 8 years of age and decreases gradually and significantly (p 0.005), except for goalkeepers, who suffered a difference in the evolution of the angle within their age category (p 0.8) except forward (value < 0.5). Conclusion This study determines that the Q angle in football players decreases with growth, reaching values below 15° at the end of development. Playing positions only influence players over the age of 21, and the Q-angle of goalkeepers is greater than that of other players.Premio Mensual Publicación Científica Destacada de la US. Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podologí

An Assessment of Balance through Posturography in Healthy about Women: An Observational Study

The incidence of falls in adults constitutes a public health problem, and the alteration in balance is the most important factor. It is necessary to evaluate this through objective tools in order to quantify alterations and prevent falls. This study aims to determine the existence of alteration of balance and the influence of age in a population of healthy women. Static posturography was performed on 49 healthy adult women with no history of falls in four different situations using the Romberg test with the NedSVE/IBV® platform. The variables studied were the body sway area and the anteroposterior and mediolateral displacements. The situation of maximum instability occurred in RGC (p = 0.001), with a significant increase in anteroposterior oscillations regarding the ML (p < 0.001), with no correlation to age. Age alone does not influence the balance in the sample studied, other factors must come together to alter it. The joint cancellation of visual and somatosensory afferents could facilitate the appearance of falls, given that it is a situation of maximum instability. Proprioceptive training is interesting as a preventive strategy for falls

Modelo estratégico integral para el proceso de salud ocupacional (SG-SST) para la empresa superintendencia de notario y registro Cali SNR

En la actualidad el tema de seguridad y salud en el trabajo ha tomado importancia en todos los sectores productivos, puesto que los empleadores han tomado conciencia que mantener unas condiciones seguras para los trabajadores les resulta más provechoso ya que reducen ausentismos, aparición de enfermedades y bajas tasas en accidentes laborales. Con el fin de bajar estadísticas se establece desde la legislación colombiana que todas las empresas deben contar con un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, esto a través de un procedimiento lógico por etapas que permita el mejoramiento continuo del mismo. En la Superintendencia de notariado y registro se debe diseñar e implementar un sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo que garantice el cumplimiento de la normatividad y que brinde condiciones y ambientes seguros y saludables a sus funcionarios.Currently the issue of safety and health at work has taken importance in all productive sectors, since employers have become aware that maintain safe conditions for workers find it more profitable since they reduce absenteeism, emergence of low rates in occupational accidents and diseases. In order to get statistics is set from the Colombian legislation which all companies must have a system of management of safety and health at work, through a logical procedure by stages allowing the continuous improvement of the same. In the Superintendence of notaries and registration should design and implement a safety management system and occupational health to ensure compliance with regulations and to provide conditions and environments safe and healthy to their officials

Uandakurhintskua. P’urhepecha teachers and their linguistic biographies: from trauma at school to the making of an alternative model of education

En sus entrevistas autobiográficas, analizadas con la metodología de la “entrevista autobiográfica narrativa” (Fritz Schütze), las maestras y maestros p’urhepechas del proyecto escolar “T’arhexperakua-Creciendo Juntos” de Michoacán, México, construyen en retrospectiva un contraste entre su propia experiencia escolar, traumática y profundamente insatisfactoria, y su práctica profesional de equipo, donde intentan ofrecerle una alternativa más pertinente y feliz a sus alumnos. Los docentes narran su propia experiencia de primaria indígena, donde no lograron aprender bien la “otra” lengua ni los contenidos escolares previstos. Recién en su formación como maestros se tornaron bilingües y adquirieron un orgullo por su identidad étnica. Movilizando el enorme potencial de la cultura y lengua propias, construyeron un currículo en educación intercultural bilingüe en más de veinte años de experiencia colectiva. El estudio aporta una introspección valiosa en la motivación y conciencia etnolingüística profesional de un equipo de docentes que comparten un proyecto escolar reconocido nacional e internacionalmente.In their narrative autobiographical interviews (Fritz Schütze), the P’urhepecha teachers of the “T’arhexperakua-Growing together” school project in central Mexico construe in retrospect a clear contrast between their own traumatic school experience as pupils based on “Spanish only” instruction, and their professional practice today. Then they did not get an opportunity of learning the “other language” nor the relevant content matters. It was only during their teacher training that they became truly bilingual and developed an ethnic consciousness. Now, they want to offer a better alternative to their indigenous pupils. Mobilizing the enormous potential of their own culture and P’urhepecha as a language of identity and instruction, they have developed a truly intercultural bilingual programme based on mother tongue education over a timespan of twenty years. The study offers a valuable insight into the motivation and the professional ethnolinguistic consciousness of a team whose school project is well respected in Mexico and abroad.Fil: Hamel, Rainer Enrique. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Hecht, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Erape Baltazar, Ana Elena. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Márquez Escamilla, Helmith Betzabé. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Méxic