Reliability assessments of an islanded hybrid PV-diesel-battery system for atypical rural community in Nigeria

This paper presents the use of a novel approach in assessing the generation reliability of a hybrid mini-grid system(HMS) based on the optimal design result obtained from the HOMER software. A typical Nigerian rural com-munity–Lade II in Kwara State was used as a case study where the energy demand for the residential andcommercial loads was 2.5MWh/day and 171kWh/day respectively. The optimized HMS results from HOMERcomprising of a solar photovoltaic (PV) array (1.5MW), diesel generators (350kW) and battery storage (1200units) has a combined least net present cost of $4,909,206 and a levelized electricity tariff of$0.396 per kWh.Contrasting the HMS with a diesel-only system for the community, an approximate 97% reduction in all pollutantemissions was observed. Furthermore,fluctuations in diesel fuel prices, variations in average solar insolation, andvariations in the solar PV's capital/replacement costs were utilized in conducting a sensitivity analysis for theHMS. The capacity outage probability table (COPT) was utilized in validating the reliability of the simulationresults obtained from HOMER. The HMS was observed to experience a load loss of 0.769MW, 0.594MW&0.419MW when zero, one and two diesel generator(s) respectively were operational for all of the Solar PV's andBatteries being off-line. The loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE), and total expectedload loss (ELL) obtained from the COPT were 5.76�10�8, 5.0457�10�4hr/yr and 0.025344Watt respectively.The results show the reliability of the HMS and also depicts a highly economical and feasible hybrid energysystem

Review of the Russia-Ukraine War and its Impact on Public Health

This paper adopted a desk review of existing information from peer-reviewed articles, scientific reports, and grey literature through triangulation of data sources. This article aimed to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of some environmental and public health problems resulting from the Russia-Ukraine war. Just sixteen months into the face-off, the crisis has been characterized by diverse public health challenges such as environmental-induced pollution; nuclear and technological threat; energy crisis; food insecurity; humanitarian castatropic; and the likelihood of a surge in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The escalation of conflict in Ukraine has caused civilian casualities, forcing people to flee their homes seeking safety and protection. So far, it is estimated that 9,083 civilians have been killed and 15,779 injured in Ukraine; with over 18 millions refugees diplayed within and outside Ukraine as of 19th June, 2023. Furthermore, the war has notably triggered food price spike, economic pressure and social stress in most part of Africa, with the inclination to precipitate political upheaval especially in volatile countries in the continent. We opined that prompt attention should be given by international bodies and humanitarian agencies to restore public health sanity in Ukraine by providing critical protection services and humanitarian assistance. Conclusively, a cease-fire by the belligerent nations remains the only panacea to the highlighted problem