Andrographolide Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice by Blockage of Oxidative Damage and NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation

Andrographolide (Andro), a major bioactive component obtained from Andrographis paniculata Nees, has exerted wide antioxidant as well as cytoprotective properties. However, whether Andro treatment could retard the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Andro against diabetes-induced myocardial dysfunction and explored the underlying mechanism in STZ-induced diabetic mice. As a result, treatment with Andro dose dependently suppressed cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, accompanied by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, which subsequently ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Further, Andro blocked hyperglycemia-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and augmenting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that the cardioprotective effects afforded by Andro treatment involve the modulation of NOX/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation. The present study unravels the therapeutic potential of Andro in the treatment of DCM by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

Dynamic frequency control strategy for the CSP plant in power systems with low inertia

Abstract Variable renewable energy integration poses a challenge to the secure operation of the power system, especially for frequency security. How to provide frequency response to maintain satisfactory frequency performance is still an open question. Concentrating solar power, with renewable energy characteristics and synchronous units, is a potential solution to the frequency response problem. This paper discusses how concentrating solar power plants can be employed to ensure frequency security and proposes its dynamic frequency control strategy accordingly. The proposed strategy is contained in a novel unit commitment model with a primary frequency response and a secondary frequency response to co‐optimize the energy reserve. The validity of the unit commitment model and proposed control strategy is verified by two case studies including a modified 6‐bus and RTS‐79 system