Immunodiagnosis of endemic mycoses and bronchopulmonary aspergilosis: A multicenter study in Argentina

Fil: Canteros, C. E. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Rivas, M. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Soria, M. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Lee, W. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Perrotta, Diego. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Rodero, L. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Davel, Graciela Odelsia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Berducci, O. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Bonardello, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Castro, H. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Chacón, Y. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Cendán Colombo, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: De Vechi, M. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Errecalde, G. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.FIl: Gorostiaga, J. L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: López, C. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Mackay, P. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez, R. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Cacace, María Luisa. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Mestron, S. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Mónaco, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Nardin, M. E. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Ramos, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Pagella, H. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Petrussi, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Pizarro, M. R. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, R. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Saporiti, A. M. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Tichellio, A. G. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Tiraboschi, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Tonelli, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Zanuso, A. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Se realizó entre 01-04-2000 y 30-03-2001, un estudio de corte transversal, para conocer la frecuencia relativa de las enfermedades por hongos dimorfos y Aspergillus spp. en la República Argentina y evaluar la certeza en el diagnóstico de los laboratorios de diferentes áreas geográficas. Participaron 25 centros de salud provenientes de 12 provincias y de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Fueron analizados en el laboratorio de origen 965 sueros de pacientes con sospecha clínica de histoplasmosis (HP), paracoccidioidomicosis (PCM), coccidioidomicosis (CM) y aspergilosis. Todos los sueros positivos y el 35% de los negativos fueron reevaluados en el laboratorio de referencia por inmunodifusión doble en agar. La concordancia entre los resultados obtenidos en los centros de origen y el de referencia fue de 98,8%. Se detectaron anticuerpos específicos en 120 sueros correspondientes a 98 pacientes. El 71,4% (70 casos) de los diagnósticos correspondió a micosis endémicas (HP, PCM y CM) y el resto a aspergilosis. PCM fue diagnosticada en 47,9% (47 casos), aspergilosis en 28,6% (28 casos), HP en13,3% (13 casos) y CM en 10,2% (10 casos). La participación en este estudio fue voluntaria y no todos los centros del país estaban representados, sin embargo, las frecuencias de enfermedades fúngicas fueron las esperadas y coincidentes con estudios previos realizados a nivel nacional. (EN) In order to contribute to the knowledge of the relative frequency of chronic fungal diseases and assess the performance of diagnostic laboratories in Argentina, a multicenter study was performed with the participation of 25 medical centers located in 12 different provinces and Buenos Aires City. Between 04-01- 2000 and 03-30-2001, 965 serum specimens from patients clinically suspected of having histoplasmosis (HP), paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), coccidioidomycosis (CM) or aspergilosis were analyzed. Agar immunodiffusion tests (IDD) were done locally. All positive and 35% of negative sera were retested in the reference center. Results of laboratories of origin showed 98.8% concordance with those of reference center. Antibodies against any of the etiological agents were detected in 120 specimens from 98 patients. Endemic mycoses (HP, PCM and CM) were diagnosed in 70 patients (71.4%) and aspergilosis in 28 (28.6%). The frequencies of the different mycoses in decreasing order w ere PCM 47 patients (47.9%), aspergilosis 28 patients (28.6%), HP 13 patients (13.3%) and CM 10 patients (10.2%). The study was carried out on a voluntary basis and some areas of the country were not represented. However, the frequencies were in range with the expected rates in the population under study

Influence of a low molecular weight metabolite (citrate) on the toxicity of cadmium and zinc to the unicellular green alga Selenastrum capricornutum: An exception to the free-ion model

International audienceToxicities of Cd and Zn to the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutum were determined in synthetic media buffered by 100 µmol*l -1 of NTA (FRAQ(NTA)) or citrate (FRAQ(CIT)), or in unbuffered FRAQUIL medium (FRAQ). Metal speciation in these exposure media was adjusted so as to maintain constant free concentrations of C 2+, Mg 2+ and Me(z+) even while the free Zn 2+ or Cd 2+ concentrations were varied. The growth response of the algae to variations in free Zn 2+ and free Cd 2+ was similar in FRAQ and FRAQ(NTA) media, but algal sensitivity to free Zn 2+ or free Cd 2+ increased markedly in FRAQ(crr) medium. Addition of Zn to FRAQ, FRAQ(NTA) or FRAQ(CIT) media (0.02-2 µmol*l -1 free Zn 2+) caused a decrease in the algal growth rate, but the algae remained in exponential growth just as long as in the control (72 h). Similar results were obtained for exposures to Cd in FRAQ or FRAQ(NTA) media (0.01-0.9 µmol*l -1 free Cd 2+), but additions of Cd to FRAQ(CIT) yielded anomalous growth curves (heightened sensitivity to Cd 2+ at low Cd levels; shortened period of exponential growth at high Cd levels). Short-term (6 min) intracellular uptake of radiolabelled 109Cd was measured in the three media containing the same free Cd 2+ concentration (0.25 µmol*l -1). Uptake of cadmium was more than 2-fold higher in FRAQ(CIT) than in the other two media. Under the same conditions, the algae could be shown to accumulate citrate; the measured uptake rate (83 pmol citrate m -2*s -1) was about 4 times greater than that of Cd in the presence of citrate (21 pmol Cd*m -2*s -1) - the citrate transporter would only have to be fooled once every four transport events to account for the enhanced cadmium uptake in the presence of citrate. Our results clearly show that the bioavailability of Cd and Zn diverges from the predictions of the Free-Ion Model in the presence of a low molecular weight metabolite such as citrate - accidental or piggy-back uptake of the metal-ligand complex across the biological membrane is a plausible explanation for this enhanced availability.Toxicities of Cd and Zn to the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutum were determined in synthetic media buffered by 100 µmol*l -1 of NTA (FRAQ NTA) or citrate (FRAQ CIT), or in unbuffered FRAQUIL medium (FRAQ). Metal speciation in these exposure media was adjusted so as to maintain constant free concentrations of Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Me z+ even while the free Zn 2+ or Cd 2+ concentrations were varied. The growth response of the algae to variations in free Zn 2+ and free Cd 2+ was similar in FRAQ and FRAQ NTA media, but algal sensitivity to free Zn 2+ or free Cd 2+ increased markedly in FRAQ CIT medium. Addition of Zn to FRAQ, FRAQ NTA or FRAQ CIT media (0.02-2 µmol*l -1 free Zn 2+) caused a decrease in the algal growth rate, but the algae remained in exponential growth just as long as in the control (72 h). Similar results were obtained for exposures to Cd in FRAQ or FRAQ NTA media (0.01-0.9 µmol*l -1 free Cd 2+), but additions of Cd to FRAQ CIT yielded anomalous growth curves (heightened sensitivity to Cd 2+ at low Cd levels; shortened period of exponential growth at high Cd levels). Short-term (6 min) intracellular uptake of radiolabelled 109Cd was measured in the three media containing the same free Cd 2+ concentration (0.25 µmol*l -1). Uptake of cadmium was more than 2-fold higher in FRAQ CIT than in the other two media. Under the same conditions, the algae could be shown to accumulate citrate; the measured uptake rate (83 pmol citrate*m -2*s -1) was about 4 times greater than that of Cd in the presence of citrate (21 pmol Cd*m -2*s -1) - the citrate transporter would only have to be fooled once every four transport events to account for the enhanced cadmium uptake in the presence of citrate. Our results clearly show that the bioavailability of Cd and Zn diverges from the predictions of the Free-Ion Model in the presence of a low molecular weight metabolite such as citrate - accidental or piggy-back uptake of the metal-ligand complex across the biological membrane is a plausible explanation for this enhanced availability

Cadmium uptake by durum wheat in presence of citrate

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying the uptake of Cd by durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum cv. “acalou”) in the presence of citrate under hydroponic conditions. Wheat seedlings were exposed for 3 h to simplified nutrient solutions initially containing 35 nM of free Cd with or without citrate. Uptake experiments with citrate alone were also performed. Solutions were radio labelled with 109Cd or citrate-14C. The depletion of Cd and citrate in the exposure solution was followed, and at the end of the exposure Cd and citrate were quantified in all compartments of the experimental system (root surface, inner roots and aerial parts). The apparent rates of internalization of Cd (r Cd) and citrate (r cit) were estimated from the ratio of the uptake flux to the contents adsorbed at the root surface. About two times more Cd was taken up in the presence of citrate. Assuming that citrate and Cd-citrate complexes were taken up at the same rate, a direct uptake of intact complexes could not account for the higher uptake of Cd in presence of citrate. In addition, Cd was internalized at the same rate in the absence or presence of citrate (r Cd = 3.62 h−1), whereas the internalization rate constants of Cd and citrate were different (r Cd ≈ 8 r cit). This strengthens the idea that a direct uptake of non-dissociated Cd-citrate complexes probably did not account for the higher Cd uptake in presence of citrate. A dissociation of Cd-citrate complexes within the diffusion layer or at the root surface and the subsequent additional supply of free Cd were more likely to explain the higher Cd uptake in presence of citrate

Immunodiagnosis of endemic mycoses and bronchopulmonary aspergilosis: A multicenter study in Argentina

Fil: Canteros, C. E. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Rivas, M. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Soria, M. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Lee, W. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Perrotta, Diego. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Rodero, L. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Davel, Graciela Odelsia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Berducci, O. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Bonardello, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Castro, H. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Chacón, Y. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Cendán Colombo, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: De Vechi, M. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Errecalde, G. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.FIl: Gorostiaga, J. L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: López, C. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Mackay, P. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez, R. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Cacace, María Luisa. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Mestron, S. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Mónaco, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Nardin, M. E. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Ramos, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Pagella, H. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Petrussi, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Pizarro, M. R. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, R. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Saporiti, A. M. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Tichellio, A. G. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Tiraboschi, N. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Tonelli, L. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Fil: Zanuso, A. Grupo EMMB; Argentina.Se realizó entre 01-04-2000 y 30-03-2001, un estudio de corte transversal, para conocer la frecuencia relativa de las enfermedades por hongos dimorfos y Aspergillus spp. en la República Argentina y evaluar la certeza en el diagnóstico de los laboratorios de diferentes áreas geográficas. Participaron 25 centros de salud provenientes de 12 provincias y de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Fueron analizados en el laboratorio de origen 965 sueros de pacientes con sospecha clínica de histoplasmosis (HP), paracoccidioidomicosis (PCM), coccidioidomicosis (CM) y aspergilosis. Todos los sueros positivos y el 35% de los negativos fueron reevaluados en el laboratorio de referencia por inmunodifusión doble en agar. La concordancia entre los resultados obtenidos en los centros de origen y el de referencia fue de 98,8%. Se detectaron anticuerpos específicos en 120 sueros correspondientes a 98 pacientes. El 71,4% (70 casos) de los diagnósticos correspondió a micosis endémicas (HP, PCM y CM) y el resto a aspergilosis. PCM fue diagnosticada en 47,9% (47 casos), aspergilosis en 28,6% (28 casos), HP en13,3% (13 casos) y CM en 10,2% (10 casos). La participación en este estudio fue voluntaria y no todos los centros del país estaban representados, sin embargo, las frecuencias de enfermedades fúngicas fueron las esperadas y coincidentes con estudios previos realizados a nivel nacional. (EN) In order to contribute to the knowledge of the relative frequency of chronic fungal diseases and assess the performance of diagnostic laboratories in Argentina, a multicenter study was performed with the participation of 25 medical centers located in 12 different provinces and Buenos Aires City. Between 04-01- 2000 and 03-30-2001, 965 serum specimens from patients clinically suspected of having histoplasmosis (HP), paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), coccidioidomycosis (CM) or aspergilosis were analyzed. Agar immunodiffusion tests (IDD) were done locally. All positive and 35% of negative sera were retested in the reference center. Results of laboratories of origin showed 98.8% concordance with those of reference center. Antibodies against any of the etiological agents were detected in 120 specimens from 98 patients. Endemic mycoses (HP, PCM and CM) were diagnosed in 70 patients (71.4%) and aspergilosis in 28 (28.6%). The frequencies of the different mycoses in decreasing order w ere PCM 47 patients (47.9%), aspergilosis 28 patients (28.6%), HP 13 patients (13.3%) and CM 10 patients (10.2%). The study was carried out on a voluntary basis and some areas of the country were not represented. However, the frequencies were in range with the expected rates in the population under study