Changes of Material Elastic Properties during Healing of Ruptured Achilles Tendons Measured with Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Study

herapy options for ruptured Achilles tendons need to take into account the right balance of timing, amount and intensity of loading to ensure a sufficient biomechanical resilience of the healing tendon on the one hand, and to enable an adequate tensile stimulus on the other hand. However, biomechanical data of human Achilles tendons after rupture during the separate healing stages are unknown. Shear wave elastography is an ultrasound technique that measures material elastic properties non-invasively, and was proven to have a very good correlation to biomechanical studies. Taking advantage of this technology, 12 patients who suffered from an acute Achilles tendon rupture were acquired and monitored through the course of one year after rupture. Nine of these patients were treated non-operatively and were included for the analysis of biomechanical behaviour. A significant increase of material elastic properties was observed within the first six weeks after trauma (up to 80% of baseline value), where it reached a plateau phase. A second significant increase occurred three to six months after injury. This pilot study suggests a time correlation of biomechanical properties with the biological healing phases of tendon tissue. In the reparative phase, a substantial amount of biomechanical resilience is restored already, but the final stage of biomechanical stability is reached in the maturation phase. These findings can potentially be implemented into treatment and aftercare protocols

Infrared molecular fingerprinting of blood-based liquid biopsies for the detection of cancer

Recent omics analyses of human biofluids provide opportunities to probe selected species of biomolecules for disease diagnostics. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigates the full repertoire of molecular species within a sample at once. Here, we present a multi-institutional study in which we analysed infrared fingerprints of plasma and serum samples from 1639 individuals with different solid tumours and carefully matched symptomatic and non-symptomatic reference individuals. Focusing on breast, bladder, prostate, and lung cancer, we find that infrared molecular fingerprinting is capable of detecting cancer: training a support vector machine algorithm allowed us to obtain binary classification performance in the range of 0.78-0.89 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]), with a clear correlation between AUC and tumour load. Intriguingly, we find that the spectral signatures differ between different cancer types. This study lays the foundation for high-throughput onco-IR-phenotyping of four common cancers, providing a cost-effective, complementary analytical tool for disease recognition

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Dilepton production in proton-proton collisions at BEVALAC energies

The dilepton production in elementary ${pp\to e^{+}e^{-}X}$ reactions at BEVALAC energies $T_{lab}=1\div 5$ GeV is investigated. The calculations include direct ${e^{+}e^{-}}$ decays of the vector mesons $\rho ^{0}$, $\omega$, and $\phi$, Dalitz decays of the $\pi ^{0}$-, $\eta$-, $$-, $\omega$-, and $\phi$-mesons, and of the baryon resonances $$ $...$ . The subthreshold vector meson production cross sections in $pp$ collisions are treated in a way sufficient to avoid double counting with the inclusive vector meson production. The vector meson dominance model for the transition form factors of the resonance Dalitz decays $R\to e^{+}e^{-}N$ is used in an extended form to ensure correct asymptotics which are in agreement with the quark counting rules. Such a modification gives an unified and consistent description of both $R\to N\gamma$ radiative decays and $R\to N\rho (\omega)$ meson decays. The effect of multiple pion production on the experimental efficiency for the detection of the dilepton pairs is studied. We find the dilepton yield in reasonable agreement with the experimental data for the set of intermediate energies whereas at the highest energy $T_{lab}=4.88$ GeV the number of dilepton pairs is likely to be overestimated experimentally in the mass range $M=300\div 700$ MeV.Comment: 25 pages (IOP style), 5 figures, revised manuscript accepted for publication in JP

A Dual-Species Atom Interferometer Payload for Operation on Sounding Rockets

We report on the design and the construction of a sounding rocket payload capable of performing atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates of 41 K and 87 Rb. The apparatus is designed to be launched in two consecutive missions with a VSB-30 sounding rocket and is qualified to withstand the expected vibrational loads of 1.8 g root-mean-square in a frequency range between 20–2000 Hz and the expected static loads during ascent and re-entry of 25 g. We present a modular design of the scientific payload comprising a physics package, a laser system, an electronics system and a battery module. A dedicated on-board software provides a largely automated process of predefined experiments. To operate the payload safely in laboratory and flight mode, a thermal control system and ground support equipment has been implemented and will be presented. The payload presented here represents a cornerstone for future applications of matter wave interferometry with ultracold atoms on satellites