Uji Mutu Fisik Sediaan Sabun Padat Ekstrak Daun Tin (Ficus carica L.)

The content of flavonoid compounds in tin leaves has the potential to be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation and physical quality test of tin leaf extract solid soap preparations. This research method is an experimental research and method of making soap using the cold process method. Making tin leaf extract solid soap by collecting the ingredients to be extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, carrying out formulations with extract concentrations of 0% 1% and 3% and evaluating the physical quality of solid soap preparations which include organoleptic tests, pH tests, homogeneity test and foam height test on tin leaf extract solid soap. Organoleptic test of solid soap F0 produces a light green color with black mystique perfume, F1 produces a dark green color with black mystique perfume, F2 produces a brownish green color with strawberry perfume. The pH value obtained, which is 9, meets the requirements, the pH range for solid soap for the skin is 9-11. The homogeneity test showed that the fig leaf extract herbal soap with a concentration of 1% and 3% showed no spots, therefore the fig leaf solid soap fulfilled the homogeneity requirements. The soap foam height test showed that soap produced foam (F0= 9.16Ccm, F1= 8cm, F2= 8.16cm)

Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by green synthesis using Capsicum annum L. extract: biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many benefits in the health sector, it has antimicrobial and biomedical Activity. AgNPs can be synthesized by using green chemistry or using chemical substances, such as NaBH4. Green synthesis of AgNPs is an environmentally friendly alternative and has cost-effective production. Capsicum annuum L. combined with Saffron extract was used to synthesize AgNPs. The biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of AgNPs were studied in this research. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV- Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier- transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by optical performance using UV-VIS spectroscopy and showing a peak of AgNPs at 407 nm. Capsicum Annuum L. combined with Saffron extract contained C-H, C-N, and C=O groups. The particle size was characterized using PSA, the size is 37,74 nm. Capsicum Annuum L. combined with Saffron extract has good antibacterial activity.  Keywords: Green Synthesis, AgNPs, Capsicum annuum L, Saffron.  Abstrak Nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) memiliki banyak manfaat di bidang kesehatan, yaitu memiliki aktivitas antimikroba dan biomedis. AgNPs dapat disintesis menggunakan Green Chemistry atau menggunakan bahan kimia seperti NaBH4. Green Chemistry AgNPs adalah alternatif ramah lingkungan dan memiliki biaya produksi yang efektif. Capsicum Annuum L. dikombinasikan dengan ekstrak Saffron digunakan untuk mensintesis AgNPs. Biosintesis, karakterisasi, dan aktivitas antibakteri AgNP dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Hasil sintesis AgNPs dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Pembentukan AgNPs dikonfirmasi oleh kinerja optik menggunakan spektroskopi UV-VIS dan menunjukkan puncak AgNPs pada panjang gelombang  407 nm. Capsicum Annuum L. dikombinasikan dengan ekstrak Saffron mengandung gugus C-H, C-N, dan C=O. Ukuran partikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan PSA, berukuran 37,74 nm. Capsicum Annuum L. dikombinasikan dengan ekstrak Saffron memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang baik.   Kata kunci: Green Synthesis, AgNPs, Capsicum annuum L, Saffron.

EFFECT OF VARIATION OF LUBRICANT CONCENTRATION (MAGNESIUM STEARATE) ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF METOCLOPRAMID HCl TABLETS WITH DIRECT PRINTING METHOD

Metoclopramide HCl is used to relieve nausea and vomiting. Market availability in the form of tablets, syrup and injection. The most preferred drug use by patients is oral medication because of its ease of use. Chewable tablets are a new product as an alternative for treatment in pediatric and adult patients who have difficulty swallowing drugs. This study aims to formulate the chewable tablet preparations of metoclopramide HCl using variations in lubricant concentrations. The variations of magnesium stearate with concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% using the direct printing method made to obtain a better physical quality test including organoleptics, weight uniformity, uniformity of size, tablet hardness, tablet brittleness, tablet crush time, uniformity of content. The results of the physical quality test were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of lubricants on the characteristics of chewable tablets. The results showed that variations in the concentration of magnesium stearate lubricant in the manufacture of metoclopramide HCl chewable tablets had an effect on the physical quality of metoclopramide HCl chewable tablets. The concentration of magnesium stearate which produces metoclopramide HCl chewable tablets with good physical properties is 2%

Uji Mutu Fisik Metoklopramid HCl Tablet Chewable dengan Variasi Jenis Pengisi sebagai Diluent menggunakan Metode Granulasi Basah

Metoclopramide HCl are used to reduce vomiting and nausea. The availability on the market in the form of tablet, syrup and injection. Patient tend to prefer take drugs by oral use because it was easier. Chewable tablet is the new product as the alternative ways to treatment children and adult patient who had difficulity problem of swallowing drugs. Objectives: This research aims to formulate the chewable metoclopramide HCl tablets using diluent variations to get a better physical quality test. Chewable tablets of metoclopramide HCl are made using diluent variations, they are mannitol, sucrose, lactose. Formula I mannitol, formula II sucrose, and formula III lactose. Chewable tablet preparations are made by the wet granulation method. Data collection was performed on physical characteristics including organoleptic, weight uniformity, uniformity of size, tablet hardness, tablet fragility, disintegration time, metoclopramide HCl levels. Physical quality test results were statistically analyzed to determine the effect of variations in the diluent on the characteristics of chewable tablets. The results of this research have an influence on the physical quality and uniformity of contents of various types of diluent variations between each formulation. In this research, fillers have an important role in the preparation of chewable metoclopramide tablets to determine the physical quality of the tablets and the uniformity of their contents. The variation of diluent that gives better results is mannitol. This is because formulas that use mannitol have uniformity in content that meets the requirements, faster disintegration time, and physical quality of tablets that still meet the requirements, when compared to the first and second formulations. The variation of diluent that gives better results is mannitol

Green Synthesis AgNPs menggunakan Bioreduktor Alami Ekstrak Buah Kiwi: Biosintesis, dan Karakterisasi

Abstract: Green Synthesis or Green Chemistry of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has many advantages, one of which is fast, easy, and cheap. AgNPs have many benefits in the health sector. AgNPs are of great interest in the field of nanoparticle development because they have good biomedical and anti-bacterial activities. Bioreductors play an important role in reducing the size of AgNPs, in this study a natural bioreductor in the form of Kiwi extract (Actinida deliciosa) was used. Purpose of the study the objective of this research was the biosynthesis of AgNPs using a kiwifruit extract bioreductor. Research methods with extraction of Kiwi, synthesis of AgNPs using Kiwi extract, characterization of AgNPs formed using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Research Results that AgNP formation was confirmed by optical performance using UV-VIS spectroscopy and showed an AgNP peak at 415 nm. The C-H, C-N, and C=O groups in Actinidia deliciosa were confirmed by FTIR. The size of the AgNPs was studied using PSA and a size of 65.01 nm was obtained.Abstrak: Sintesis Hijau atau Kimia Hijau nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) memiliki banyak keuntungan, salah satunya cepat, mudah, dan murah. AgNPs memiliki banyak manfaat dalam bidang kesehatan. AgNPs menjadi perhatian besar dalam bidang pengembangan nanopartikel karena memiliki aktivitas biomedis dan anti bakteri yang baik. Bioreduktor memegang peran penting dalam mereduksi ukuran AgNPs, dalam penelitian ini digunakan bioreduktor alami berupa ekstrak Kiwi (Actinida deliciosa). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah biosintesis AgNPs menggunakan bioreduktor ekstrak buah Kiwi. Metode penelitian dengan esktraksi Kiwi, sintesis AgNPs menggunakan ekstrak Kiwi, karakterisasi AgNPs yang terbentuk menggunakan instrumen spektroskopi UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Hasil Penelitian bahwa pembentukan AgNPs dikonfirmasi oleh kinerja optik menggunakan spektroskopi UV-VIS dan menunjukkan puncak AgNP pada 415 nm. Gugus C-H, C-N, dan C=O pada Actinidia deliciosa dikonfirmasi oleh FTIR. Ukuran AgNPs dipelajari menggunakan PSA dan diperoleh ukuran 65,01 nm

Simultaneous Analysis of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid Using Polymelamine/Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Modification of electrode using polymelamine (PM) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been successfully developed via electropolymerization and electrodeposition onto carbon paste electrode (CPE) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The modified electrode (AuNPs/PM/CPE) was applied as voltammetry sensors in a simultaneous of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). AuNPs/PM/CPE presented an effective surface area 5 times wider than CPE and demonstrated good electrocatalytic performance in the oxidation of DA and AA in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 3) with a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was chosen as the best method for separating potential peaks of DA and AA. The linear response for determining DA and AA using the DPV technique produced a concentration range of 0.1–13 and 0.4–12 µM with coefficient linearity of 0.9999 and 0.9997, the limit of detection of 0.1405 and 0.2187 µM, the accuracy of 89.62–109.16%, and 83.63–105.08%, and the precision of 0.017–0.701% and 0.066–0.626%, respectively. In addition, this electrode was applied in a real sample of infant urine with a concentration of 1 µM by spike method and found 98.86 and 98.28% as percent recovery of DA and AA, respectively

ANALISIS VOLTAMMETRI SECARA SIMULTAN CAMPURAN DOPAMIN DAN ASAM URAT MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA KARBON TERMODIFIKASI POLIMELAMIN/NANOPARTIKEL EMAS

Modifikasi elektroda pasta karbon (CPE) dengan menggunakan polimelamin (PM) dan nanopartikel emas (AuNPs) telah dilakukan melalui elektropolimerisasi larutan melamin dan elektrodeposisi larutan emas pada permukaan elektroda CPE secara voltammetri siklis (CV). Elektroda ini selanjutnya digunakan untuk analisis secara simultan dopamin (DA) dan asam urat (UA), baik secara CV maupun voltammetri pulsa differensial (DPV). Hasil karakterisasi morfologi permukaan CPE/PM/AuNPs dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa AuNPs terkumpul membentuk partikel lebih besar tidak beraturan yang tersebar secara tidak merata pada pemukaan elektroda. Data EDX menunjukkan bahwa permukaan elektroda telah terlapisi AuNPs dengan konsentrasi Au 13,17%, sedangkan atom lainnya yaitu C, O, dan N berturut-turut adalah 69,69; 13,03; dan 1,69 %. Luas permukaan efektif elektroda CPE/PM/AuNPs (0,42 cm2) adalah 4,5 kali lebih luas jika dibandingkan dengan elektroda CPE (0,09 cm2). Elektroda CPE/PM/AuNPs memiliki aktivitas elektrokatalitik yang bagus dalam oksidasi dopamin menjadi dopamin quinon dan oksidasi asam urat menjadi asam urat-4,5-diol pada bufer 0,1 M (pH 3). Teknik DPV digunakan untuk penentuan rentang linearitas, limit deteksi (LOD), sensitivitas, presisi, akurasi dan selektivitas elektroda CPE/PM/AuNPs. Didapatkan rentang linaeritas 0,7 μM - 14 μM; LOD untuk DA sebesar 0,6052 μM dan untuk UA sebesar 0,6462 μM; senstivitas sebesar 5,8156 μA untuk DA dan 5,6964 μA untuk UA; presisi sebesar 0,0053- 0,0523% untuk DA dan 0,0020- 0,0197% untuk UA; akurasi sebesar 83,0770- 108,5530% untuk DA dan 91,4657- 102,4810% untuk UA. Pada analisis urin bayi yang dispike dopamine dan asam urat konsentrasi tertentu menunjukkan recovery sebesar 98,9990% untuk DA dan 98,9690% untuk UA. Elektroda ini memberikan voltammogram DPV dengan pemisahan potensial puncak yang sempurna pada analisis campuran DA, UA, dan asam askorbat (AA)