5 research outputs found
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Zinnia elegans Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Salinization is a common type of agricultural land degradation. It causes inhibition of plant growth and productivity. Previous research into mechanisms of plant resistance to salinity and other stressors has shown that one of nonspecific responses is cell wall lignification which limits translocation of water and ions in the tissues and the whole plant. The current study aims to investigate the responses of Zinnia elegans Jacq. grown under regular soil irrigation with 50 mM NaCl. Plant growth parameters and biochemical characteristics, such as the level of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA), and phenolics and lignin content, were determined. The level of expression of genes encoding the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and lignin was evaluated by the relative number of transcripts. Application of 50 mM NaCl to soil decreased plant growth and induced lipid peroxidation in stem tissues, despite an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds. It means that the antioxidant potential of produced phenolics might be insufficient for plant protection. The amount of lignin in stem tissues increased mainly due to Klason lignin which is known to limit cell elongation. The concentration of phenolic compounds correlated with the expression of PAL, C4H and 4CL genes involved in their biosynthesis; and the amount of lignin correlated with the expression level of CCR, CAD, PRX, and LAC genesΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ½ΠΎ
Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Zinnia
elegans Jacq. Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ 50 ΠΌΠ NaCl. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ,
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΠΠΠ), ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 50 mM NaCl
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Ρ,
Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Ρ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π» ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ.
Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² PAL, C4H, 4CL, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ,
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ; Π° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² CCR, CAD, PRX ΠΈ LAC β Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΠ½
Plant Growth Promoting Activity and Metal Tolerance of Bacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of the Orchid Epipactis atrorubens Growing on Serpentine Substrates of the Middle Urals
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
: Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ (ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ) ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ° (Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ, Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π£ΡΠ°Π»). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (PGP) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ²
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»β3-ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ£Π) ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ E. atrorubens,
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΊ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° (400, 600 ΠΈ 1000 ΠΌΠ³/Π»
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Ni, Cu ΠΈ Zn), ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ²
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ PGPβΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ (ΠΠ£Π >1,0 ΠΌΠ³/Π»; PO4
3- >50,0 ΠΌΠ³/Π»)
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ E. atrorubens: Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ
Buttiauxella ΠΈ Pseudomonas. Π ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½ Pseudomonas
sp. ΠΈ Buttiauxella sp. Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Buttiauxella sp.
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ (Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 25 %).
Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ E. atrorubens, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈThe article presents data obtained in the study of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of the orchid Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. Analysis was carried out to compare some morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of plant rhizobacteria growing on serpentine rocks in two biotopes: in the natural forest community (control habitat) and on the asbestos mine dump (the Sverdlovsk region, Middle Urals). An assessment of the plant growth promoting (PGP) activity of the isolated strains did not show significant differences in the ability of rhizobacteria to synthesize indolβ3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize phosphates between the study sites. However, the proportion of isolates capable of nitrogen fixation was higher in the rhizosphere of E. atrorubens growing on the dump compared to the control habitat. The tolerance of isolates to heavy metals was assessed by the maximum metal concentration (400, 600, and 1000 mg/L, respectively, for Ni, Cu, and Zn) at which bacterial growth was observed. Rhizobacteria from the dump were found to be more
resistant to elevated concentrations of metals compared to their counterparts from the natural forest
community. The molecular genetic analysis of isolates with the highest PGPβactivity (IAA >1.0 mg/L;
PO4
3- >50.0 mg/L) revealed that most of the E. atrorubens rhizobacteria in both habitats belonged to
the genera Buttiauxella and Pseudomonas. In model experiments, the PGP ability of four selected
strains was tested on zinnia seeds. Seed inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. and Buttiauxella sp. did not
have any significant effect on their germination; however, Buttiauxella sp. contributed to the increase
in the length of seedlings compared with the control (by 25 %, on average). It has been suggested that
the selected isolates of E. atrorubens rhizobacteria, due to their growth promoting activity and metal
tolerance, can facilitate naturalization of the orchid in an industrially disturbed are
ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Nicotiana tabacum
The adaptation of plants to an excess of heavy metals in the environment and their recovery after elimination of the stressor is of interest in connection with the large-scale pollution of ecosystems and their remediation. This study is aimed at the aftereffect of copper ions (100 and 300 ΞΌM) in plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. The level of plant stress markers (concentration of hydrogen peroxide, activity of class III peroxidases β benzidine and guaiacol, their isoforms) during the recovery period after the removal of copper ions from the environment was evaluated in pretreatment by copper ions of different concentration and the use of control plants. During the recovery period, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in plant organs (root, stem, and leaves) was high compared to the control. The responses of the roots and shoots under the aftereffect of the stressor were different. The activity of cytosolic guaiacol peroxidase and cell wall-bound peroxidases in root tissues increased according to the increase in Π2Π2. In plants pretreated with a lower copper concentration, the activity of cell wall-bound peroxidases in the stem and cytosolic and cell wall-bound benzidine peroxidases in leaves increased. In contrast, pretreatment with a high copper concentration led to a decrease in the activity of peroxidases during the period of plant recovery. Thus, plant organs differed in the content of H2O2 and the activity of class III peroxidases localized in different compartments (apoplast and cytosol) and in their ability to recover after the removal of the stressorΠΠ΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅
ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ (100 ΠΈ 300 ΞΌM) Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Nicotiana tabacum L. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· III ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° β Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ) Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄
ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π². Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π³Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ
ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅
ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π2Π2. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π2Π2 ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· III ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°, Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
(Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Ρ), ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ
Expression of a Stilbene Synthase Gene from the Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera L. Hybrid Increases the Resistance of Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plants to Erwinia carotovora
‘Isabel’ grape (Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera L. hybrid) is one of the main grape cultivars in Russia and some other countries for processing, due to its vigor, tolerance to the main fungal diseases, high yield and potential for sugar accumulation. The stilbene synthase gene VlvSTS was isolated from the hybrid grape cv. Isabel and cloned into a pSS plant transformation vector under the control of a constitutive 35S RNA double promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV 35SS. VlvSTS-gene containing transgenic tobacco lines were obtained and analyzed. For the first time plants expressing the VlvSTS gene were shown to have an enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora B15. Transgenic plants were tested for resistance to a number of fungal pathogens. The plants were resistant to the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea, but not to the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, or F. culmorum. According to the results of a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the amount of trans-resveratrol in leaves of transgenic plants with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene was in a range from 150 to 170 μg/g of raw biomass. Change in the color and a decreased anthocyanin content in the flower corollas of transgenic plants were observed in transgenic lines with the highest expression of VlvSTS. A decrease in total flavonoid content was found in the flower petals but not the leaves of these tobacco lines. High expression of the VlvSTS gene influenced pollen development and seed productivity in transgenic plants. The size of pollen grains increased, while their total number per anther decreased. A decrease in the number of fertile pollen grains resulted in a decreased average weight of a seed boll in transgenic plants
ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅
The search for new natural sources of biologically active substances is a major issue in pharmaceutical industry. Xylotrophic basidiomycetes are common in forests worldwide, but as a prospective raw source of biologically active compounds they have not been studied as extensively as plants and other groups of fungi. The study is aimed to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from 10 species of tinder fungi growing on birch and common in the forests in Russia. The chaga muchroom (Inonotus obliquus), traditionally used in medicine, was chosen as a standard species. Extracts from fruiting bodies were obtained with water or 95 % ethanol. They contained 4 to 8 types of free amino acids including 2 to 6 essential ones. Perennial basidiocarps were shown to be richer in phenolic compounds and poorer in amino acids than annual ones. Alkaloids and saponins were found in perennial basidiocarps of two species, saponins were also found in annual basidiocarps of one species. Water and alcohol extracts differed in composition and concentration of extractives, and showed different antioxidant (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and antiradical (ABTSβtest, inhibition of NO production) activity. This way it was shown that the nature of the solvent extraction agent is important for the manifestation of biological activity. In most tests, water extracts from chaga showed better antioxidant properties; extracts from Piptoporus betulinus and Fomitopsis pinicola were also effective as antioxidants, which may be promising avenues for
future researchΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² 10 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π³Π° Inonotus obliquus,
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 95%-Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ 4 Π΄ΠΎ 8 ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡ 2 Π΄ΠΎ 6 Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Ρ; ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ (ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ (ABTSβΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ NO)
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°,
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Piptoporus betulinus ΠΈ Fomitopsis
pinicola, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ