13,237 research outputs found
Deep Learning of Geometric Constellation Shaping including Fiber Nonlinearities
A new geometric shaping method is proposed, leveraging unsupervised machine
learning to optimize the constellation design. The learned constellation
mitigates nonlinear effects with gains up to 0.13 bit/4D when trained with a
simplified fiber channel model.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ECOC 201
Dust in the Photospheric Environment II. Effect on the Near Infrared Spectra of L and T Dwarfs
We report an attempt to interpret the spectra of L and T dwarfs with the use
of the Unified Cloudy Model (UCM). For this purpose, we extend the grid of the
UCMs to the cases of log g = 4.5 and 5.5. The dust column density relative to
the gas column density in the observable photosphere is larger at the higher
gravities, and molecular line intensity is generally smaller at the higher
gravities. The overall spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are f_{J} < f_{H} <
f_{K} in middle and late L dwarfs, f_{J} f_{K} in early T dwarfs (L/T
transition objects), and finally f_{J} > f_{H} > f_{K} in middle and late T
dwarfs, where f_{J}, f_{H}, and f_{K} are the peak fluxes at J, H, and K bands,
respectively, in f_{nu} unit. This tendency is the opposite to what is expected
for the temperature effect, but can be accounted for as the effect of thin dust
clouds formed deep in the photosphere together with the effect of the gaseous
opacities including H_2 (CIA), H_2O, CH_4, and K I. Although the UCMs are
semi-empirical models based on a simple assumption that thin dust clouds form
in the region of T_{cr} < T < T_{cond} (T_{cr} = 1800K is an only empirical
parameter while T_{cond} about 2000K is fixed by the thermodynamical data), the
major observations including the overall SEDs as well as the strengths of the
major spectral features are consistently accounted for throughout L and T
dwarfs. In view of the formidable complexities of the cloud formation, we hope
that our UCM can be of some use as a guide for future modelings of the
ultracool dwarfs as well as for interpretation of observed data of L and T
dwarfs.Comment: 43 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Astrophys. J. (May 20, 2004) Some
minor corrections including the address of our web site, which is now read
An adversarial optimization approach to efficient outlier removal
This paper proposes a novel adversarial optimization approach to efficient outlier removal in computer vision. We characterize the outlier removal problem as a game that involves two players of conflicting interests, namely, optimizer and outlier. Such an adversarial view not only brings new insights into various existing methods, but also gives rise to a general optimization framework that provably unifies them. Under the proposed framework, we develop a new outlier removal approach that is able to offer a much needed control over the trade-off between reliability and speed, which is otherwise not available in previous methods. The proposed approach is driven by a mixed-integer minmax (convex-concave) optimization process. Although a minmax problem is generally not amenable to efficient optimization, we show that for some commonly used vision objective functions, an equivalent Linear Program reformulation exists. We demonstrate our method on two representative multiview geometry problems. Experiments on real image data illustrate superior practical performance of our method over recent techniques.Jin Yu, Anders Eriksson, Tat-Jun Chin, David Suterhttp://www.iccv2011.org
The fate of planetesimals formed at planetary gap edges
The presence of rings and gaps in protoplanetary discs are often ascribed to
planet-disc interactions, where dust and pebbles are trapped at the edges of
planetary induced gas gaps. Recent work has shown that these are likely sites
for planetesimal formation via the streaming instability. Given the large
amount of planetesimals that potentially form at gap edges, we address the
question of their fate and ability to radially transport solids in
protoplanetary discs. We perform a series of N-body simulations of planetesimal
orbits, taking into account the effect of gas drag and mass loss via ablation.
We consider two planetary systems: one akin to the young Solar System, and
another one inspired by HL Tau. In both systems, the close proximity to the
gap-opening planets results in large orbital excitations, causing the
planetesimals to leave their birth locations and spread out across the disc
soon after formation. Planetesimals that end up on eccentric orbits interior of
10au experience efficient ablation, and lose all mass before they reach the
innermost disc region. In our nominal Solar System simulation with
and , we
find that 70% of the initial planetesimal mass has been ablated after 500kyr.
The ablation rate in HL Tau is lower, and only 11% of the initial planetesimal
mass has been ablated after 1Myr. The ablated material consist of a mixture of
solid grains and vaporized ices, where a large fraction of the vaporized ices
re-condense to form solid ice. Assuming that the solids grow to pebbles in the
disc midplane, this results in a pebble flux of through the inner disc. Our results
demonstrate that scattered planetesimals can carry a significant flux of solids
past planetary-induced gaps in young and massive protoplanetary discs.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Si/SiGe quantum dot with superconducting single-electron transistor charge sensor
We report a robust process for fabrication of surface-gated Si/SiGe quantum
dots (QDs) with an integrated superconducting single-electron transistor
(S-SET) charge sensor. A combination of a deep mesa etch and AlOx backfill is
used to reduce gate leakage. After the leakage current is suppressed, Coulomb
oscillations of the QD and the current-voltage characteristics of the S-SET are
observed at a temperature of 0.3 K. Coupling of the S-SET to the QD is
confirmed by using the S-SET to perform sensing of the QD charge state.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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