Aktiv brannsikring av landbruksbygg

Ingen gardar har i dag automatisk sløkkeanlegg installert i driftsbygningar, og berre 10% har brannalarmanlegg[4]. Tradisjonelt har brannsikring av landbruksbygg vore lågt prioritert både i bygningstekniske forskrifter og frå næringa sjølv. Då det trass alt er gjennomsnittleg 200 landbruksbrannar årleg, ynskte vi å vurdere korleis sløkkeanlegg ville passe for slike bygg. For å løyse oppgåva fekk prosjektgruppa til eit samarbeid med to firma som leverer røyranlegg, dyser, og varmedeteksjonsanlegg som kan koplast opp mot sløkkeanlegg. Deretter var det å få tak i ein gamal låve som nokon ynskte å kvitte seg med. Sist nemnte var det som tok lengst tid. Etter å fått tak i ein låve som passa måtte ein gjennom byggesakshandsaminga i kommunen, der det måtte søkast om riving og brenning av bygget. I låven vart det gjort tre forsøk. To med Firetrace-varmedetektor knytta opp mot eit vasståkeanlegg, og eit for å teste effekta av eit automatisk utløysbart handsløkkeapparat ved brann. Til slutt føretok ein nedbrenning av driftsbygningen for å demonstrere kor rask brannspreiinga er i landbruksbygg. I denne bygningen tok det 6 minutt til overtenning. I tillegg til forsøka har ulike deteksjon og sløkkeanlegg blitt vurdert i forhald til driftsbygningar. Det vi kom fram til var at Firetrace varmedeteksjonsanlegg knytta opp mot vasståkeanlegg fungerar slik det skal, og gjerne kan nyttast i landbruksbygg. Ved bruk av sløkkeanlegg i driftsbygningar bør ein forsikre seg om at vasstrykk og vassmengde vil vere tilstrekkeleg i anlegget. Skulle det vise seg at det vert for lågt må det settast inn tiltak til dømes i form av pumpe og vasstank, eller dele anlegget inn i fleire soner. Det automatisk utløysbare handsløkkeapparatet er ikkje noko fullgod løysing for slike bygg då det har for lita rekkevidde, og på grunn av at det er store rom og store takhøgder i slike bygg. Sprinkleranlegg med dyser som løyser ut ved ein viss temperatur vil óg kunne vere eit godt alternativ. I områder kor det førekjem frost må ein tørranlegg eller ha frostvæske i røyra. Røyr og dyser må plasserast på ein slik måte at ein ved arbeid med traktor og liknande, ikkje treff dysa og utløyser anlegget. I vurdering av ulike anlegg ut i frå pris, er det Firetrace som kjem best ut av deteksjonsanlegga. Dette er det alternativet som er best ved oppkopling mot sløkkeanlegg då risiko for feilutløysing er liten. Når det gjeld sløkkeanlegg er det vasståkeanlegg og sprinklaranlegg som er rimelegast. Sprinklaranlegg er kanskje noko dyrare enn vasståkeanlegg, men her er ein ikkje nøydd til å ha deteksjonsanlegg

Bone Turnover and Metabolism in Patients with Early Multiple Sclerosis and Prevalent Bone Mass Deficit: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Low bone mass is prevalent in ambulatory multiple sclerosis (MS) patients even shortly after clinical onset. The mechanism is not known, but could involve shared etiological risk factors between MS and low bone mass such as hypovitaminosis D operating before disease onset, or increased bone loss after disease onset. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of the low bone mass in early-stage MS patients. We performed a population-based case-control study comparing bone turnover (cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen; NTX, bone alkaline phosphatase; bALP), metabolism (25-hydroxy- and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone), and relevant lifestyle factors in 99 patients newly diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS, and in 159 age, sex, and ethnicity matched controls. After adjustment for possible confounders, there were no significant differences in NTX (mean 3.3; 95% CI −6.9, 13.5; p = 0.519), bALP (mean 1.6; 95% CI −0.2, 3.5; p = 0.081), or in any of the parameters related to bone metabolism in patients compared to controls. The markers of bone turnover and metabolism were not significantly correlated with bone mass density, or associated with the presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia within or between the patient and control groups. Intake of vitamin D and calcium, reported UV exposure, and physical activity did not differ significantly. Bone turnover and metabolism did not differ significantly in CIS and MS patients with prevalent low bone mass compared to controls. These findings indicate that the bone deficit in patients newly diagnosed with MS and CIS is not caused by recent acceleration of bone loss, and are compatible with shared etiological factors between MS and low bone mass

Differences in urine NTX between patients and controls, without and with adjustment for possible confounders.

<p>β: unstandardized β coefficient, CI: β confidence interval. NTX (cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen) was analyzed as dependent and the following as independent variables (separately and simultaneously): recent childbirth, breastfeeding, systemic glucocorticoids, current smoking, alcohol use, began menopausal transition, sun tanning in northern latitudes, and phosphate. Recent childbirth and breastfeeding were not included simultaneously in the regression analysis due to their high correlation (r = 0.921; p<0.001).</p

Distribution of factors that may influence current bone metabolism.

<p>iv: intravenous, po: per oral.</p>a<p>Mediterranean or other destinations nearer equator than Norway.</p>b<p>percentages of female participants (female patients, n = 71; female controls, n = 117). Comparison of groups was calculated using Chi-square test and independent-samples two-tailed t test.</p

Biochemical markers (mean ± SD) of vitamin D status, bone turnover and metabolism in patients and controls.

<p>25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25(OH)₂D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, PTH: parathyroid hormone, DBP: vitamin D binding protein, bALP: bone alkaline phosphatase, NTX: cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (all measured in serum, except NTX that was measured in urine).</p>a<p>Enzyme activity measured in U/l, 1U: one unit of bALP activity was defined as 1 µmol of p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolyzed per minute at 25°C,</p>b<p>BCE: Bone Collagen Equivalents,</p>c<p>Cr: Creatinine. Comparison of groups was calculated using independent two-tailed t test. CI: mean difference confidence interval.</p

Cardiovascular Health Effects of Shift Work with Long Working Hours and Night Shifts: Study Protocol for a Three-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study on Industrial Workers

There is a plausible association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be due to disruption of the circadian rhythm causing hormonal changes and metabolic disturbances, resulting in high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and being overweight. However, few studies have investigated the association between several consecutive long work shifts, including night shifts, and risk factors for developing CVD. Moreover, knowledge is lacking on factors that may modify or enhance this suggested relationship. The study period is planned from the third quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2021, and will involve 125 industrial employees at two Norwegian enterprises producing insulation. The work schedule is either rotating shiftwork (morning, evening, night) or regular day work. At baseline, we will measure blood parameters, including markers of inflammation, lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin. We will also collect measures of blood pressure, resting heart rate, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and aerobic fitness. At the end of baseline data collection, a subgroup will undergo a supervised high-intensity interval training intervention for eight weeks, initiated by the Occupational Health Service. At one-year follow-up, we repeat baseline measures with added measures of heart rate variability and additional five weeks monitoring of sleep and physical activity, and assessment of respirable dust. At the two year follow-up, we will measure CVD risk factors before and after a planned three-month shutdown in one of the studied plants. We will also assess respirable dust, monitor sleep, and compile a one-year retrospective detailed overview of working hours. A final data collection, similar to the one at baseline, will be carried out after three years. We will use a comprehensive set of methods to identify the effects of shift work with long working hours and night shifts on cardiovascular health. This will provide new knowledge on the association between early manifestations of CVD and occupational exposure to shift work. Further, we can study whether work organization such as extensive overtime, sleep loss, and dust exposure have detrimental effects, and if a three-month cease in shift work or increased physical activity will modify early manifestations of CV

Cardiovascular Health Effects of Shift Work with Long Working Hours and Night Shifts: Study Protocol for a Three-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study on Industrial Workers

There is a plausible association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be due to disruption of the circadian rhythm causing hormonal changes and metabolic disturbances, resulting in high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and being overweight. However, few studies have investigated the association between several consecutive long work shifts, including night shifts, and risk factors for developing CVD. Moreover, knowledge is lacking on factors that may modify or enhance this suggested relationship. The study period is planned from the third quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2021, and will involve 125 industrial employees at two Norwegian enterprises producing insulation. The work schedule is either rotating shiftwork (morning, evening, night) or regular day work. At baseline, we will measure blood parameters, including markers of inflammation, lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin. We will also collect measures of blood pressure, resting heart rate, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and aerobic fitness. At the end of baseline data collection, a subgroup will undergo a supervised high-intensity interval training intervention for eight weeks, initiated by the Occupational Health Service. At one-year follow-up, we repeat baseline measures with added measures of heart rate variability and additional five weeks monitoring of sleep and physical activity, and assessment of respirable dust. At the two year follow-up, we will measure CVD risk factors before and after a planned three-month shutdown in one of the studied plants. We will also assess respirable dust, monitor sleep, and compile a one-year retrospective detailed overview of working hours. A final data collection, similar to the one at baseline, will be carried out after three years. We will use a comprehensive set of methods to identify the effects of shift work with long working hours and night shifts on cardiovascular health. This will provide new knowledge on the association between early manifestations of CVD and occupational exposure to shift work. Further, we can study whether work organization such as extensive overtime, sleep loss, and dust exposure have detrimental effects, and if a three-month cease in shift work or increased physical activity will modify early manifestations of CV

Description of the processes in the value chain and risk assessment of decomposition substances and oxidation products in fish Oils. Opinion of Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has been asked by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to perform a health risk assessment on decomposition substances and oxidation products in fish oils intended for human consumption except pharmaceuticals. Seal and/or krill oil intended for human consumption might be included but in separate chapters. EU’s hygiene regulations for the production of fish oils intended for human consumption were strengthened from 2008 in the EU (from March 2010 in Norway), but concerns regarding the possible presence of decomposition substances and oxidation products in the oils and their possible consequences on human health were raised. In the request from the National Food Safety Authority, VKM was asked to include descriptions of the substances resulting from decomposition of the various raw material used for fish oil production, and the products formed during oxidation of marine oils. Additionally, a description of the substances formed and/or eliminated during the various processing steps in the production of marine oils intended for human consumption and to take raw material, processing conditions, storing and transporting conditions of raw material and fish oil into account. Depending on the detectability of the identified substances/products of concern in n-3 fatty acid food supplements, a qualitative, and if possible quantitative, health risk assessment should be performed

Description of the processes in the value chain and risk assessment of decomposition substances and oxidation products in fish Oils. Opinion of Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

publishedVersio

Description of the processes in the value chain and risk assessment of decomposition substances and oxidation products in fish Oils. Opinion of Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has been asked by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to perform a health risk assessment on decomposition substances and oxidation products in fish oils intended for human consumption except pharmaceuticals. Seal and/or krill oil intended for human consumption might be included but in separate chapters. EU’s hygiene regulations for the production of fish oils intended for human consumption were strengthened from 2008 in the EU (from March 2010 in Norway), but concerns regarding the possible presence of decomposition substances and oxidation products in the oils and their possible consequences on human health were raised. In the request from the National Food Safety Authority, VKM was asked to include descriptions of the substances resulting from decomposition of the various raw material used for fish oil production, and the products formed during oxidation of marine oils. Additionally, a description of the substances formed and/or eliminated during the various processing steps in the production of marine oils intended for human consumption and to take raw material, processing conditions, storing and transporting conditions of raw material and fish oil into account. Depending on the detectability of the identified substances/products of concern in n-3 fatty acid food supplements, a qualitative, and if possible quantitative, health risk assessment should be performed. The main focus is on production of fish oil and on fish oil used as food supplement (i.e. in bottle or encapsulated). Other marine sources for oil production such as krill and seal blubber, as well as emulsions and microencapsulation of marine n-3 fatty acids used for fortification of regular food, are not evaluated in detail. Food supplements based on oil derived from the crustaceans Calanus finmarchicus, which is a growing business in Norway, has not been included. It was beyond the scope of this evaluation to address environmental contaminants in marine raw materials/oils and in final products.publishedVersio