Sisätauteihin erikoistuvien lääkäreiden asiantuntemus potilastapauksen tulkitsijana

Tutkimus kohdistui sis&auml;tauteihin erikoistuviin l&auml;&auml;k&auml;reihin (N = 13) ja siihen, miten he tulkitsevat kirjallista potilastapausta verrattuna kolmannen vuoden l&auml;&auml;ketieteen opiskelijoihin (N = 33). Potilastapauksen tulkintaa tutkittiin silm&auml;nliikemetodilla, jossa osallistujan silm&auml;nliikkeet nauhoitettiin lukemisprosessin aikana. T&auml;m&auml;n lis&auml;ksi erikoistuvia l&auml;&auml;k&auml;reit&auml; haastateltiin diagnoosiprosessin aikana. Tapaustutkimuksemme tulokset viittaavat siihen, ett&auml; erikoistuvat l&auml;&auml;k&auml;rit ovat nopeita, tarkkoja ja strategisia diagnoosin tekij&ouml;it&auml;, jotka l&ouml;yt&auml;v&auml;t potilaan diagnoosin kannalta olennaisen tiedon hyvin nopeasti verrattuna perusopiskelijoihin. Asiasanat: l&auml;&auml;ketieteen oppiminen, erikoistumiskoulutus, l&auml;&auml;k&auml;rin asiantuntijuus, silm&auml;nliikemetodi Abstract In the current study, we first investigated differences between medical freshmen and residents in actual processing of written patient cases.&nbsp; In internal medicine residents have to cope with huge amount of knowledge and ill-defined problems under time pressure. Participants in this study were 13 residents in an internal medicine program in Finland and 33 medical third year students. First, participants interpreted one written patient case while their eye movements were recorded. Our results revealed that residents are excellent in conducting diagnoses compared to novices and their reading times are significantly faster and they process patient cases in a different way. Keywords: medical expertise, internal medicine, eye tracking</p

Exploring eye movements of experienced and novice readers of medical texts concerning the cardiovascular system in making a diagnosis

This study used the eye-tracking method to explore how the level of expertise influences reading, and solving, two written patient cases on cardiac failure and pulmonary embolus. Eye-tracking is a fairly commonly used method in medical education research, but it has been primarily applied to studies analyzing the processing of visualizations, such as medical images or patient video cases. Third-year medical students (n = 39) and residents (n = 13) read two patient case texts in an eye-tracking laboratory. The analysis focused on the diagnosis made, the total visit duration per text slide, and eye-movement indicators regarding task-relevant and task-redundant areas of the patient case text. The results showed that almost all participants (48/52) made the correct diagnosis of the first patient case, whereas all the residents, but only 17 students, correctly diagnosed the second case. The residents were efficient patient-case-solvers: they reached the correct diagnoses, and processed the cases faster and with a lower number of fixations than did the students. Further, the students and residents demonstrated different reading patterns with regard to which slides they proportionally paid most attention. The observed differences could be utilized in medical education to model expert reasoning and to teach the manner in which a good medical text is constructed. Eye-tracking methodology appears to have a great deal of potential in evaluating performance and growing diagnostic expertise in reading medical texts. However, further research using medical texts as stimuli is required. Anat Sci Educ. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.</p