La reestructuración de los servicios de atención en salud mental

La discriminación hacia las personas afectadas por algún trastorno psíquico comienza en los centros hospitalarios públicos y privados y continúa en la sociedad en su conjunto

Chemical compositions of soluble aerosols in the inland Antarctic ice cores over the last termination

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IG] 全球環境変動を駆動する南大洋・南極氷床11月17日（火）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

XPS study of external α-radiolytic oxidation of UO2 in the presence of argon or hydrogen

UO2\ua0pellets exposed to 1.85 MBq and 3.30 MBq Am-241 sources with a 30 μm separation in solution were studied under Ar and H2\ua0atmospheres. The 1.85 MBq Am-241 source was shown to have a too low radiolytic production to cause any measurable change in UO2\ua0surface oxidation state. However, a significant oxidation was observed after exposure to the 3.30 MBq source under Ar atmosphere through the production of U(V), as seen from the U4f7/2-peak deconvolution and valence band peak analysis. The H2\ua0atmosphere was shown to suppress the oxidation of the UO2\ua0pellet surface as well as the dissolution in both Milli-Q and NaHCO3\ua0solutions. The dissolved uranium concentration was reduced by a factor 10 under H2\ua0atmosphere as compared to the Ar atmosphere experiments

Person-centred care compared with standardized care for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty—a quasi-experimental study

BACKGROUND: A common approach to decrease length of stay has been to standardize patient care, for example, by implementing clinical care pathways or creating fast-track organizations. In a recent national report, it was found that Sweden’s healthcare system often fails to anticipate and respond to patients as individuals with particular needs, values and preferences. We compared a standardized care approach to one of person-centred care for patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. METHODS: A control group (n =138) was consecutively recruited between 20th September 2010 and 1st March 2011 and an intervention group (n =128) between 12th December 2011 and 12th November 2012, both scheduled for total hip replacement. The primary outcome measures were length of stay and physical function at both discharge and 3 months later. RESULTS: The mean length of stay in the control group was 7 days (SD 5.0) compared to 5.3 days in the intervention group (SD 2.2). Physical functional performance, as assessed using activities of daily living, was similar at baseline for both groups. At discharge, 84% in the control group had regained activities of daily living level A vs. 72% in the intervention group. At 3 months after surgery, 88% in the control group had regained their independence vs. 92.5% in the person-centred care group. CONCLUSIONS: Focusing attention on patients as people and including them as partners in healthcare decision-making can result in shorter length of stay. The present study shows that the patients should be the focus and they should be involved as partners

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

Purpose of Review Ground-based mechanized forest operations can cause severe soil disturbances that are often long lasting and detrimental to the health of forested ecosystems. To reduce these soil disturbances, focus is being increasingly directed at identifying and using appropriate mitigation techniques. This systematic review considered 104 scientific articles and reported the main findings according to four core themes: terrain-related factors, operational planning, machine modifications, and types of amendments used to mitigate machine-induced soil impacts. Recent Findings For terrain-related factors, most severe disturbances occur on machine operating trails exceeding 20% slope and that soil bulk density and rut depth show greater increases in fine-textured soils. When considering operational planning, trafficability maps proved to be helpful in reducing the frequency and magnitude of soil damages as well as the length of trails needed within harvest sites, especially if they are regularly updated with weather information. Machine modifications, through high flotation tires, use of extra bogie axle, lower inflation pressure, and use of steel flexibles tracks, are highly researched topics because of the considerable upside in terms of machine ground pressure distribution and increased traction. Two main types of amendments emerged to mitigate soil disturbances: brush mats and mulch cover. Brush mats created from harvesting debris can spread the load of a machine to a greater area thereby lowering peak loads transferred to the soil. Brush mats of 15-20 kg m(-2) are being recommended for adequate soil protection from harvesting operations. To conclude, we outline recommendations and strategies on the use of soil mitigation techniques within cut-to-length forest operations. New research opportunities are also identified and discussed. Considering single factors causing machine-induced soil disturbances remains important but there is a pressing need for having a multi-disciplinary approach to tackle the complex problems associated with machine/soil/plant interactions

Influence of groundwater composition on the reductive precipitation of U(VI) on corroding iron foil surfaces

In order to assess the disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a deep geological nuclear waste repository, the interactions between U(VI) and corroded iron present in the canister material are of importance. It is important to correctly model the fate of the oxidatively dissolved uranium in order to correctly estimate radium releases from the canister in the long term. The release of radionuclides into the environment depends on the dissolution of the UO2 matrix which is dependent on the redox conditions at the fuel surface. The effect of metallic iron on the reduction of U(VI) was studied under anoxic conditions using synthetic groundwaters with different compositions, chosen to investigate the influence of calcium-uranyl-carbonato complexes on the thermodynamics and kinetics of U(VI) reduction on anoxically corroding iron. The corrosion products formed on the iron surface were investigated using SEM-EDS and XPS to identify elemental composition and oxidation states of uranium and iron on the surface. The iron foils efficiently reduced U(VI) to U(IV) causing its significant sorption and precipitation on the iron foil surfaces in the form of U(IV)

Asymptotic Behavior of the Correlator for Polyakov Loops

The asymptotic behavior of the correlator for Polyakov loop operators separated by a large distance $R$ is determined for high temperature QCD. It is dominated by nonperturbative effects related to the exchange of magnetostatic gluons. To analyze the asymptotic behavior, the problem is formulated in terms of the effective field theory of QCD in 3 space dimensions. The Polyakov loop operator is expanded in terms of local gauge-invariant operators constructed out of the magnetostatic gauge field, with coefficients that can be calculated using resummed perturbation theory. The asymptotic behavior of the correlator is $\exp(-MR)/R$, where $M$ is the mass of the lowest-lying glueball in $(2+1)$-dimensional QCD. This result implies that existing lattice calculations of the Polyakov loop correlator at the highest temperatures available do not probe the true asymptotic region in $R$.Comment: 10 pages, NUHEP-TH-94-2

Compositions of Dust and Sea Salts in the Dome C and Dome Fuji Ice Cores From Last Glacial Maximum to Early Holocene Based on Ice‐Sublimation and Single‐Particle Measurements

We analyzed the chemical compositions of dust and sea‐salt particles in the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core during 26–7 kyr BP using an ice‐sublimation technique and compared the results with existing data of the Dome Fuji (DF) ice core. Combined with ion concentration data, our data suggested similar sea‐salt fluxes in both cores and significantly lower dust flux in the EDC core. The differences in modal size and aspect ratio of dust particles between the two cores support the dominance of Patagonian source suggested by earlier works. The compositions of calcic dust showed major change at ~17 kyr BP, possibly reflecting a relative increase in dust transported via the upper troposphere. The calcium sulfate fraction was higher in the DF core than in the EDC core after ~17 kyr BP, suggesting that higher Patagonian dust contribution to the DF region. Abundant NaCl particles were found in the DF core in comparison with the EDC core from the LGM to early Holocene, possibly because of the high concentration of terrestrial dust in the DF core that reduced acid availability for sea‐salt modification. During the Holocene, the lower NaCl fraction and Cl−/Na+ ratio in the EDC core suggested that most Cl− was lost to the atmosphere from snow at Dome C, while it was preserved at Dome Fuji as NaCl and solid solution