Morphometric Characteristics of Neuropeptide Y Immunoreactive Neurons in Cortex of Human Inferior Parietal Lobule

The aim of this study was to demonstrate and precisely define the morphology of neurons immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y (NPY) in cortex of human inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Five human brains were used for immunohistochemical investigation of the shape and laminar distribution of NPY neurons in serial section in the supramarginal and angular gyrus. Immunoreactivity to NPY was detected in all six layers of the cortex of human IPL. However a great number of NPY immunoreactive neurons were found in the white matter under the IPL cortex. The following types of NPY immunoreactive neurons were found: Cajal-Retzius, pyramidal, inverted pyramidal, »double bouquet« (bitufted), rare type 6, multipolar nonspinous, bipolar, voluminous (»basket«), and chandelier cells. These informations about morphometric characteristics of NPY immunoreactive neurons in cortical layers, together with morphometric data taken from brains having schizophrenia or Alzheimer’s-type dementia may contribute to better understanding patogenesis of these neurological diseases. The finding of Cajal-Retzius neurons immunoreactive to NPY points to the need for further investigations because of great importance of these cells in neurogenesis and involment in mentioned diseases instead of their rarity

Simultano inženjerstvo utemeljeno na virtualnoj proizvodnji

U radu je razmatran koncept konkurentnog inženjeringa koji podrazumijeva simultane aktivnosti u integriranom razvoju proizvoda i procesa, kroz primjenu inovativnih tehnologija virtualnog inženjeringa, posebno u dijelu simulacije proizvodnje, tzv. virtualne proizvodnje. Cilj je da se minimiziraju projektne izmjene u kasnijim fazama projektiranja, a time i vrijeme i troškovi projektiranja proizvoda i pripadajućih procesa. Primjena FE/FV simulacija može eliminirati skupe fizičke prototipove i eksperimente. Vrijeme razvoja se drastično smanjuje, više projektnih alternativa se može provjeriti, što rezultira povećanjem kvalitete. Primjena koncepta ilustrirana je brojnim primjerima numeričkih simulacija proizvodnih procesa korišćenjem SIMUFACT.forming softvera: oblikovanje debljih limova, kovanje, "net-shape" obrada, toplo istiskivanje profila, itd

An austempering study of ductile iron alloyed with copper

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) has proved to be an excellent material as it possesses attractive properties: high strength, ductility and toughness are combined with good wear resistance and machinability. These properties can be achieved upon adequate heat treatment which yields the optimum microstructure for a given chemical composition. In this paper the results of an investigation the austempering of ADI alloyed with 0.45 % Cu for a range of times and temperatures are reported. The microstructure and fracture mode developed throughout these treatments have been identified by means of light and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was shown that the strength, elongation and impact energy strongly depend on the amounts of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite. Based on these results, and optimal processing window was established

Laparoscopic technique as a method of choice in the treatment of non-parasitic splenic cysts

Introduction/Objective Splenic cysts are a rare clinical entity. In their origin, they may be parasitic or non-parasitic. They are classified as either primary (true) or secondary cysts (pseudocysts), depending on the presence or absence of an epithelial lining of the lumen. Methods Using a retrospective case study, we included 29 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery due to splenic cysts. The patients were treated within the 2007-2017 period at the Clinic for Digestive Surgery, the Clinical Center of Serbia. We analyzed pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative characteristics of laparoscopic technique in treating non-parasitic splenic cysts. Results The group of 29 patients treated with laparoscopic technique surgery due to the previously diagnosed splenic cyst, consisted of 12 (41.4%) men and 17 (58.6%) women. The average age of patients undergoing surgery was 38.86 ± 10.4 years (22-62). Based on the histopathological findings, there were eight epithelial cysts and 21 pseudocysts of the spleen. The maximal diameter of the splenic cyst, measured pre-operatively, was 10.09 ± 2.51 cm on average. The average operative time was 35 minutes, and the intra-operative bleeding amount was 11.48 ± 3.78 ml. None of the intra-operative complications, injury to the spleen or other organs of the abdomen, conversions to open surgery or reintervention were recorded. Conclusion Laparoscopic fenestration with excision of the part of the spleen cyst wall (marsupialization) represents an effective and definitive treatment for this disease. It is an alternative to splenectomy, along with other well-known benefits ensured by the spleen preservation. Low probability of occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications, as well as minimal trauma of tissue, results in a shorter postoperative stay, rapid recovery, and better quality of life. © 2019, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved

EVROINTEGRACIJE I MAKROEKONOMSKA POZICIJA ZEMALJA ZAPADNOG BALKANA

Zemlje Zapadnog Balkana (ZB) prostiru se na važnom geostrategijskom prostoru. Iz toga proističe njihova ekonomska, resursna i prometna pozicija, važna za Evropu i Evroazijski region. Jedna od značajnih karakteristika zemalja ZB je da se nalaze u nekoj predpristupnoj fazi, ili su već postale članice Evropske unije (EU). Unija kao najsloženija i jedna od najvećih svjetskih integracija ima strategijski interes za realizaciju „južnih proširenja“. Istovremeno, i zemlje ZB iskazuju veliki interes za evrointegracijama. Te, slabije razvijene zemlje u njima vide ekonomsku, socijalnu i širu društvenu perspektivu. U kontekstu uslova koje zemlje ZB moraju ostvariti u toku i nakon prijema, primarni uslov je dostignuti nivo ekonomskog razvoja. Za ocjenu ekonomskog položaja izvršena je komparacija osnovnih makroekonomskih pokazatelja i agregata. Utvrđeno je da EU i Evrozona imaju ujednačen dugoročni rast i stabilnu industrijsku proizvodnju, inflaciju, potrošnju i razmjenu sa inostranstvom dok većina pokazatelja za zemlje ZB oscilira. Dugoročni trend rasta pokazuje blago pogoršanje, a nisu rijetke ni negativne stope. Nezaposlenost bilježi blagi rast, spoljnotrgovinska razmjena je negativna a „gap“ između bruto investicija i štednje je netipičan za razvijene ekonomije. Spoljni i javni dug su visoki, ali ipak nešto niži nego u EU. Dugoročni trend inflacije opada i to je jedini povoljan pokazatelj, iza koga se krije potpuno otvaranje tržišta zemalja ZB koje su pod pritiskom ponude inostranih roba i usluga. Komparacija ekonomskog blagostanja zemalja EU i ZB pokazuje da buduće članice EU mogu pronaći rezerve za brži ekonomski rast. U tome im pomaže i EU kroz značajnu finansijsku pomoć preko tzv. predpristupnih fondova

Stočni grašak - značajan faktor obezbeđenja biljnih proteina

The paper emphasizes growing and utilization of fodder pea in forage and grain production. The yield and quality of different pea varieties in forage and grain especially important in plant protein provision. The paper offers a review of areas, production, average yield of fodder pea as forage and grain crops from 1955 until the present day. Possible ways of utilization as well as access to optimal of utilization are also emphasized.U radu je razmatrana problematika gajenja i iskorišćavanja stočnog graška u proizvodnji krme i zrna. Posebno je obrađen prinos i kvalitet sortimenta stočnog graška u proizvodnji krme i zrna kao koncentrovanog stočnog hraniva, značajnog u obezbeđenju biljnih proteina. Dat je pregled kretanja površina, obima proizvodnje i prosečni prinosi po hektaru, stočnog graška za krmu i zrno od 1955. do danas (SGJ-2000), te mogući načini iskorišćavanja i optimalne faze pristupa korišćenju

Microstructure and fracture mode of unalloyed dual-phase austempered ductile iron

Dual-phase ADI material microstructure consists of different amounts and morphologies of ausferrite and free ferrite, obtained by subjecting ductile iron to specific heat treatment. Its strength is lower compared to comparable ADI materials but exhibits a higher ductility, the major disadvantage of ADI. In the current study, an unalloyed ductile iron was intercritical austenitized in two-phase regions (??+??) at four temperatures from 840 to 780 ??C for 2 h and austempered at 400 ??C for 1 h to obtain dual-phase ADI with different percentages of free ferrite and ausferrite. Light and scanning electron microscopy was performed for the metallographic and fracture studies, respectively. Microscopy results were correlated to tensile testing results. The results indicated that, as the amount of ausferrite present in the matrix increases, higher values of strength and lower ductility are obtained. The fracture surfaces of dual-phase ADI microstructures with 22.8% of ausferrite in their matrix have regions of quasi-cleavage fracture around last-to-freeze zones, related to the presence of ausferrite in those areas. The specimens with the highest values of ausferrite of 86.8% among the dual-phase microstructure have a dominant quasi-cleavage type of fracture

Ballistic Behaviour of Austempered Compacted Graphite Iron Perforated Plates

In this study, the performance of austempered compacted graphite iron was evaluated to find its suitability as perforated plates used in add-on armour. Perforated compacted graphite plates were subjected to austenitisation at 900 degrees C for 2 h followed by austempering at 275 and 400 degrees C for 1 h. The basic plate was fixed at 400 mm away from the perforated plate and armour and then piercing incendiary projectile was shot from a distance of 100 m. It was observed that both 7 mm and 9 mm perforated plates austempered at lower temperature of 275 degrees C producing higher hardness and lower ductility were effective in fracturing the penetrating core, thereby significantly decreasing the chances of penetrating the basic plate

Ballistic Behaviour of Austempered Compacted Graphite Iron Perforated Plates

In this study, the performance of austempered compacted graphite iron was evaluated to find its suitability as perforated plates used in add-on armour. Perforated compacted graphite plates were subjected to austenitisation at 900 °C for 2 h followed by austempering at 275 and 400 °C for 1 h. The basic plate was fixed at 400 mm away from the perforated plate and armour and then piercing incendiary projectile was shot from a distance of 100 m. It was observed that both 7 mm and 9 mm perforated plates austempered at lower temperature of 275 °C producing higher hardness and lower ductility were effective in fracturing the penetrating core, thereby significantly decreasing the chances of penetrating the basic plate

Concurrent engineering based on virtual manufacturing

U radu je razmatran koncept konkurentnog inženjeringa koji podrazumijeva simultane aktivnosti u integriranom razvoju proizvoda i procesa, kroz primjenu inovativnih tehnologija virtualnog inženjeringa, posebno u dijelu simulacije proizvodnje, tzv. virtualne proizvodnje. Cilj je da se minimiziraju projektne izmjene u kasnijim fazama projektiranja, a time i vrijeme i troškovi projektiranja proizvoda i pripadajućih procesa. Primjena FE/FV simulacija može eliminirati skupe fizičke prototipove i eksperimente. Vrijeme razvoja se drastično smanjuje, više projektnih alternativa se može provjeriti, što rezultira povećanjem kvalitete. Primjena koncepta ilustrirana je brojnim primjerima numeričkih simulacija proizvodnih procesa korišćenjem SIMUFACT.forming softvera: oblikovanje debljih limova, kovanje, "net-shape" obrada, toplo istiskivanje profila, itd.The paper deals with the concurrent engineering concept that implies simultaneous activities in integrated product and process development, through the application of Virtual Engineering Technologies, especially in the simulation of production, i.e. Virtual Manufacturing. The main goal is to minimize design modifications in final design stages, and therewith time and costs of design of product and related processes. Expensive physical prototypes and experiments can be avoided by applying numerical FE/FV simulations. Development time is drastically decreased; many design alternatives can be verified, leading to quality improvements. Application of CE concept is illustrated through numerous case studies of numerical simulations of processes using SIMUFACT.forming software: thick sheet forming, forging, net-shape forming, hot profile extrusion, etc