Analyzing RD activities of foreign enterprises in emerging economies. Lessons from Turkey

Emerging economies have played an important role in the internationalization of R&D activities at least since the 1990s. Turkey, an emerging economy and at same time an accession country to the European Union which signed a Customs Union Agreement with the EU already in 1995, is no exception. In-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with R&D directors of 26 multinational companies operating in Turkey –with headquarters located in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerlandand USA- in the informatics, automotive, electronics and pharmaceutical industries. Data and qualitative information obtained through these interviews are then used to analyze those factors theory points to as being major determinants of foreign R&D in emerging economies. The emphasis is on the (i) motivations of foreign enterprises for launching new R&D activities or extending existing ones (ii) restrictions of different kind they encounter in doing so (iii) their reactions with respect to FDI promotion policies and public R&D support incentives implemented by Turkish policy makers, and (iv) advantages/disadvantages of Turkish economy as an R&D location in comparison with other emerging economies. A number of policy recommendations for attracting more foreign R&D in Turkey and integrating them with the Turkish national innovation system are advanced

Ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture: A case report

WOS: 000397094300056PubMed ID: 25544490INTRODUCTION: Concomitant ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture are rare injuries. Their clinical presentation is unusual and investigation and management is poorly described. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a 55-year-old woman patient who fell off sustaining a concomitant distal radius and olecranon fracture in the same extremity. On examination, there was gross swelling of the proximal and distal forearm and no neurovascular deficit. Radiographs confirmed distal radius and olecranon fracture. Patient was treated with open reduction and anatomic locking plate for olecranon and a closed reduction percuteneous K wire fixation with penning fixator for distal radius fracture. After physical therapy program, functional results were good and DASH score was 60. DISCUSSION: Several different combinations of fracture with dislocation have been described, but, to our knowledge, concurrent ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture has not been reported before. In the literature review there are two similar cases in the English literature. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture is a very rare injury due to different trauma mechanisms. However we should keep in mind that there may be adjacent joints and structures for concomitant injuries

Kapaciteti posmične sile spojeva namještaja H-tipa izrađenoga od različitih toplinski tretiranih vrsta drva

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wood species, heat treatment, adhesive type and joint technique on shear force capacity of H-type furniture joints. For this purpose, an experimental design that consisted of 3 wood species, 2 treatment processes (untreated, heat-treated), 2 adhesive types (polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)) and 2 joint techniques (dowel, mortise-tenon (MT)) and 5 replications for each group were prepared, and accordingly, a total of 120 specimens were tested under static shear loads. Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), which are commonly used in furniture constructions, were used as wood species. In general, iroko showed the highest shear force capacity between the wood species. The specimens constructed of heat-treated wood species showed lower shear force capacity by approximately 15 % in comparison to the same untreated specimens. MT joints showed better performance than dowel joints higher by approximately 21 %. PVAc adhesive gave higher values than PU adhesive by around 5 %. According to the results of four-way interactions, highest shear force capacities of H-type joints were obtained from “Common ash-PVAc-MT” combination in groups of untreated specimens and from “Iroko-PU-MT” combination in groups of heat-treated specimens.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj vrste drva, njegove toplinske obrade, vrste ljepila i tehnike spajanja na kapacitet posmične sile spojeva namještaja H-tipa. Za tu je namjenu pripremljen eksperiment s ovim parametrima: tri vrste drva, dvije obrade (netretirani i toplinski tretiran namještaj), dvije vrste ljepila (poliuretan – PUR, polivinilacetat – PVAc) i dvije tehnike spajanja (moždanikom te čepom i rupom – MT). Za svaki sustav pripremljeno je pet uzoraka te je pri statičkom posmičnom opterećenju ispitano ukupno 120 uzoraka. Odabrane su vrste drva koje se često upotrebljavaju u konstrukcijama namještaja: sibirski bor (Pinus sibirica), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) i jasen (Fraxinus excelsior). Prema rezultatima istraživanja, drvo iroka pokazalo je najveći kapacitet posmične sile od svih ostalih vrsta drva obuhvaćenih eksperimentom. Uzorci izrađeni od toplinski obrađenog drva imali su oko 15 % manje vrijednosti kapaciteta posmične sile od netretiranih uzoraka. MT spojevi pokazali su za oko 21 % veće vrijednosti od spojeva s moždanicima. Uz upotrebu PVAc ljepila vrijednosti su bile za oko 5 % veće od vrijednosti s PUR ljepilom. Prema rezultatima četverosmjernih interakcija, najveći kapaciteti posmične sile spojeva H-tipa dobiveni su za kombinaciju jasenovina – PVAc – MT u netretiranim uzorcima i za kombinaciju drvo iroka – PUR – MT u toplinski tretiranim uzorcima

Floating Shoulder: Ipsilateral Clavicle, Scapular Body And Glenoid Fracture. A Case Report

We present a case of shoulder instability following a traffic accident. Allman Type I midshaft clavicle, Ideberg Type II glenoid and DeCloux Type I scapular body fractures were diagnosed following radiologic examination. There were no signs of ligamentous injury. Mechanical instability was noted at the shoulder due to breakage of the supportive bony skeleton. The patient was treated surgically with plate and screw fixation. Surgical fixation allowed early postoperative physiotherapy and rehabilitation. This rare injury and its treatment options are discussed in the light of current literature

Individual and Organizational Aspects of UniversityIndustry Relations in Nanotechnology: The Turkish Case

Emerging nanotechnologies bring a new challenge for developing countries to improve knowledge and technology transfer between universities and firms. In developing countries, weaker ties between academia and the industry seem to be one of the main barriers to the dissemination of nanotechnology innovations. This study aims to understand individual and organizational factors affecting university-industry interactions in emerging nanotechnologies in a developing country context, namely Turkey. For this study, 181 questionnaires were collected from a sample of nanoscience and nanotechnology academics who are currently employed by Turkish universities. The results provide that informal / interpersonal and research-related interactions are the most common forms of relationship between academics and firms. On the other hand, the study provides a useful insight to understand how human and social capitals of university-scientists as well as organizational resources/ capabilities influence the formation of links between universities and the industry

Ankara İli Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü Yenilik Kapasitesi ve Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirlikleri

Bu bölümde Ankara bölgesinin küresel düzeydeki rekabetçi pozisyonu açısından büyük önem taşıyan Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) sektörünün mevcut durumunun analiz edilerek, ArGe ve yenilik kapasitesini artırmaya yönelik etkin bir strateji ve politika analizinin hazırlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak Türkiye’de BİT sektörünün genel çerçevesi çizilmiş daha sonra da Ankara’da BİT sektöründe faaliyet gösteren paydaşların araştırma ve teknoloji geliştirme faaliyetlerinin sonuçlarına yönelik bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede bu bölümün amacı Ankara’da BİT sektörünün, sektörün kendinden kaynaklanan güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ile sektör dışından kaynaklanan fırsat ve tehditleri analitik bir yaklaşımla incelemektir. Son olarak yapılan bir saha çalışmasından yararlanılarak Ankara BİT sektörünün rekabetçi gücünü artırmak için politika önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.Publisher's Versio

Investigation of Physical Activity Levels of Eligible Students in Terms of Various Variables

This study aimed to examine the physical activity levels of the eligible students to study at the Faculty of Sports Sciences in the current academic year. A total of 200 students participated in the research as a result of the removal of the erroneous questionnaires from the questionnaires applied to 224 students who were eligible to attend the Faculty of Sports Sciences. The "International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was applied to the participants. While there was no significant difference according to the gender and body mass index variables values of the students who were entitled to study (p&gt;0.05), a significant difference was found according to the sports branches, sports experience, and the departments they attend (p&lt;0.05). As a result, a significant difference was found according to the departments of the students studying at the faculty of sports sciences according to their physical activity levels, sports experience, and the sports branches.</p

A rare cause of deep peroneal nerve palsy due to compression of synovial cyst – Case report

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSynovial cyst is a rare cause of compression neuropathy and its differential diagnosis can be misleading.PRESENTATION OF CASEThis article presents clinical, radiological, and histological findings of deep peroneal nerve palsy due to compression of a synovial cyst in a 30-year-old patient admitted with sudden drop foot.DISCUSSIONFocal nerve entrapment in lower extremity due to synovial cystis a rare entity. Differential diagnosis is important. Surgical excision is the main treatment method with high success rate.CONCLUSIONSynovial cyst compression which can be treated easily with surgical excision should be considered in rapidly progressed drop foot

Does pelvic injury trigger erectile dysfunction in men?

WOS: 000442089500008PubMed ID: 26764545Purpose: Pelvic ring fractures constitute 3%-8% of all fractures of the skeletal system and are generally related with high energy trauma. Sexual dysfunction following pelvic fracture has a high incidence, and affects the male patients both physically and psychologically. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact and frequencies of comorbidities such as erectile dysfunction (ED) with adverse sociocultural and psychological consequences for the patient who had a pelvic ring fracture. Methods: This study included 26 men who corresponded to the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate our study. Results: According to fracture types, most of our cases were Tile type A1 and type A2. Severe and moderate ED were detected in 46.1% (12/26) of these patients via the International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaire. Conclusion: ED develops following pelvic fractures, especially in Tile type B and C pelvic fractures

Comparisons between ultrasonographic screening results and risk factors of developmental dysplasia of the hip

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı ultrasonografik taramanın seçilmiş hastalarda mı (risk faktörleri ya da muayene bulguları olan) ya da genel popülasyon üzerinde mi yapılması gerektiğini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimize 2010-2012 gelişimsel kalça displazisi (GKD) taraması amacıyla başvuran 634 bebek çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Risk faktörleri olarak aile öyküsü, makat gelişi, tortikollis, ilk gebelik, oligohidramniyos, çarpık ayak, kız cinsiyet olarak belirlendi. Graf metodu ile yenidoğan kalçaları taranarak, hastalardaki risk faktörleri ve klinik muayene bulguları istatistiksel olarak duyarlılık ve özgüllük açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 634 bebeğin 403'ü kız, 231'i erkekti. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 87,45±49,6 gündü. Ortalama anne yaşı 29,6±5,4 yıldı. Ultrasonografik tarama sonucunda 66 bebeğin 71 kalçası displazik bulundu. Bu kalçalardan 30'u Tip 2b, 8 kalça Tip 2c, 3 kalça Tip d, 23 kalça Tip 3, 7 kalça Tip 4 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda klinik bulguların GKD taraması açısından yeterli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu nedenle de özellikle ülkemiz gibi GKD prevelansının sık görüldüğü ülkelerde seçilmiş hastalara ultrasonografik tarama yapmaktansa tüm popülasyonun ultrasonografik taramasının yapılması gerektiği düşüncesindeyiz.Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonographic screening in general population and selected patients (who had risk factors or clinical findings) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Material and Methods: 634 babies who had been admittted to our clinic between 2010 and 2012 were included in the study. Family history, breech presentation, torticollis, first child, oligohydramnios, club foot, and female gender were accepted as risk factors. The newborns patients were evaluated with Graf method. Risk factors and clinical findings of the patients were compared with these results for sensitivity and specificity. Results: 403 patients were female and 231 patients were male. The mean age of the patients were 87.45&plusmn;49.6 days and the mean maternal age was 29.6&plusmn;5.4 years. In the screeening of the patients 66 babies with 71 hips were dysplasic (30 hips Type 2b, 8 hips Type 2c, 3 hips Type d, 23 hips Type 3, and 7 hips Type 4).Conclusion: According to our study, clinical examination of the patients is not sufficient for the screening of the babies for DDH. We think that the ultrasonographic screening of the babies for DDH is recommended for general population of high risk countries like Turkey