Testing The Quantity Theory of Money in Greece: A Note

This paper investigates whether the Greek data actually support the monetarist hypotheses as argued by Karfakis (2002). The results based on both ARDL and Johansen procedures consistently suggest that money and nominal income (prices) are endogenous for the parameters of the long-run evolution of velocity (real money balances). Thus, the basic postulation of monetarism, the exogeneity of money, appears not to be supported by the Greek data.Greece, Quantity Theory of Money

Visual Attention and Eye Gaze During Multiparty Conversations with Distractions

Our objective is to develop a computational model to predict visual attention behavior for an embodied conversational agent. During interpersonal interaction, gaze provides signal feedback and directs conversation flow. Simultaneously, in a dynamic environment, gaze also directs attention to peripheral movements. An embodied conversational agent should therefore employ social gaze not only for interpersonal interaction but also to possess human attention attributes so that its eyes and facial expression portray and convey appropriate distraction and engagement behaviors

Generating Sequence of Eye Fixations Using Decision-theoretic Attention Model

Human eyes scan images with serial eye fixations. We proposed a novel attention selectivity model for the automatic generation of eye fixations on 2D static scenes. An activation map was first computed by extracting primary visual features and detecting meaningful objects from the scene. An adaptable retinal filter was applied on this map to generate Regions of Interest (ROIs), whose locations corresponded to those of activation peaks and whose sizes were estimated by an iterative adjustment algorithm. The focus of attention was moved serially over the detected ROIs by a decision-theoretic mechanism. The generated sequence of eye fixations was determined from the perceptual benefit function based on perceptual costs and rewards, while the time distribution of different ROIs was estimated by a memory learning and decaying model. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attention model, the gaze tracking results of different human subjects and the simulated eye fixation shifting were compared

The Difficulties and Solutions of Terminal Consumption underthe Goal of "Double Carbon" in Realizing Carbon Neutrality Approach—Take Household Consumption as an Example

With the change of social economy, industrial structure and cultural background, China has realized that in order to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (the "double carbon" goal), end-consumption behavior has gradually become an important factor affecting carbon emission reduction. Based on the analysis of the necessity of carbon emission reduction research in end-consumption behaviors, this paper mainly refers to some data in the report "Carbon Drag -- Analysis of Low-carbon Potential of Large Urban Residents Consumption" published by Urban Carbon Peak International Cooperation Platform. This paper analyzes the current situation of "carbon consumption" in end-consumption behavior and its carbon emission reduction potential from the five aspects of residents' clothing, food, housing, transportation and use, and discusses the problems affecting carbon emission reduction in end-consumption behavior. It is found that residents' low carbon awareness in some fields is weak, and there is resistance to the implementation of green low-carbon behavior. On this basis, this paper provides suggestions on related issues: government enterprises and the public need to work together to improve residents' awareness, increase production quantity at the supply side and improve carbon emission reduction policies

Woman rulers of near east between 24th-9th centuries bc

Tarihöncesi çağlardan günümüze, toplumsal rolü farklılıklar gösteren kadınların 35-40 binyıl öncesinden itibaren kutsal olarak kabul edilmeye başlandığı arkeolojik buluntular aracılığı ile doğrulanabilmektedir. Söz konusu Paleolitik Çağ’dan başlayan ve doğurganlık ile ilişkilendirilen kadının kutsal yönü, özellikle Anadolu toplumları açısından süreklilik arz etmiştir. Neolitik Çağ içerisinde, Çatalhöyük ve Höyücek gibi merkezler aracılığı ile net olarak takip edilebilen inanç sistemi “ana tanrıça” formuna bürünmüş ve tanrıça, doğuran, üreten, bereket saçan ve koruyuculuk gibi yönleri ile tapınım görmüştür. Anadolu ve Önasya’da, binlerce yıl boyunca güçlü bir şekilde yaşam sürmüş olan “ana tanrıça” inancı, belki de aynı şekilde güçlü kadın yöneticilerin ortaya çıkmasında ana sebeplerden biri olmuştur. Öyle ki kadına duyulan saygı, onu yönetici olarak ötekileştirmeden kabulleniş sürecinin ön dayanaklarından biri olmuş olmalıdır. Çalışma içerisinde, günümüzde çeşitli sebeplerle yönetimsel noktalarda görev almakta zorlanan kadınların binlerce yıl önce Anadolu ve yakın çevresinde yer alan coğrafyalardaki güçlü rolü, seçilmiş örnekler aracılığı ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. İÖ 24. yy’dan, İÖ 9.yy’a Önasya’nın farklı toplumlarında kimi zaman fiili, kimi zaman ise gayri resmi olarak etkin yönetici olan Zugalum, Šibtu, Hatşepsut, Puduhepa ve Sammuramat çalışma içerisinde değerlendireceğimiz kadın yöneticiler olacaktır. Ebla, Mari, Mısır, Hitit ve Asur toplumlarında yönetici olarak görev almış olan bu isimler, tarihin bilinen erken kadın yöneticileri arasında önemli noktalarda yer almaktadırlar. Bu isimlerin dışında yazılı kaynaklar ve arkeolojik çalışmalar yukarıda değindiğimiz tarih aralığı ve sonrasında da pek çok kadın yöneticinin varlığını bildirmektedirler.Through archaeological findings it can be confirmed that woman whose social roles varies from prehistoric ages to modernity, were started to be considered as sacred at least 35-40 millenia ago. This sacred aspect of woman which start with Paleolithic Age and related with her fertility was especially continius in Anatolian communities. During the Neolithic Age, religious systems that can be traced with clarity through the settlements like Çatalhöyük and Höyücek took the form of mother goddess and she was worshipped as due to her aspects like being procıreant, propagator, fertilizer and protector. Mother goddess belief that influentially continued in Anatolia and Near East for thousands of years might be main reason fort he emergence of powertfull woman rulers in the same way. Respect that was shown to woman must be bases of the process of acquiescence -without alienating- her as a ruler. In this study powerful role of woman in Anatolia and in close surrounding thousands year ago try to be explaine through selected examples though they are encountering problems for various reasons when assuming role in administrave positions in modern times. Zugalum, Šibtu, Hatşepsut, Puduhepa and Sammuramat were the woman rulers who became, sometime de facto sometime unofficial active rulers in a period from 24th to 9th centuries BC within different communities of the Near East are rulers that will be evaulated in this paper. These figures who occupied positions of administrator in Ebla, Mari, Egypt, Hittite and Assyria communities were among the earliest known woman rulers in history. Apart from these names literary sources and archaeological studies confirm existence of many more woman rulers within time span mentioned above an from later periods

Control of edge bulge evolution during photoresist reflow and it's application to diamond micro-lens fabrication

We present an empirical study of profile evolution of lithographically defined photoresist (PR) patterns during thermal reflow and apply the findings to diamond micro-lens fabrication. During PR reflow, a bulge forms at the edge of the PR pattern and propagates inwards as the temperature and PR thickness are increased. An empirical relationship for this propagation is derived. Furthermore, it was found that at a certain reflow temperature and a limited pattern size, there is a minimum initial thickness of the PR pattern for forming spherical lens profiles. Based on these findings, diamond micro-lenses with a diameter of 400 µm and a previously unachieved radius of curvature of over 13 mm were fabricated. This is underpinned by forming PR micro-lens patterns with a large radius of curvature and transferring the PR patterns through low-selectivity Ar/Cl2 inductively coupled plasma etching

Evaluating American Sign Language Generation Through the Participation of Native ASL Signers

We discuss important factors in the design of evaluation studies for systems that generate animations of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences. In particular, we outline how some cultural and linguistic characteristics of members of the American Deaf community must be taken into account so as to ensure the accuracy of evaluations involving these users. Finally, we describe our implementation and user-based evaluation (by native ASL signers) of a prototype ASL generator to produce sentences containing classifier predicates, frequent and complex spatial phenomena that previous ASL generators have not produced

Concept of a GaN-LED-based positioning system using structured illumination

Accurate self-orientation within a space can be achieved using only a simple photodetector and a remote Gallium Nitride micro-light-emitting diode array, emitting a time series of varying spatial illumination patterns onto the scene

Positioning and space-division multiple access enabled by structured illumination with light-emitting diodes

Self-location of devices in an illuminated area can be realized using light-emitting diode array luminaires with integrated electronic smart control. These smart lighting sources project a rapidly displayed time sequence of spatial illumination patterns onto the scene, which enables positioning on a millisecond timescale. We demonstrate a prototype system based on a CMOS-driven 16×16 array of GaN light-emitting diodes and its application to space-division multiple access in a Gb/s optical wireless network