Flash Electroretinography and Pattern Visual Evoked Potential Changes in Ocular Hypertension Patients

Purpose. To evaluate the changes of flash electroretinography (fERG) and pattern visual evoked potentials (pVEP) in ocular hypertension (OHT) patients. Methods. Twenty-five OHT patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. Opthalmologic examinations, visual field tests, pVEP and fERG were performed. The main outcome measures were the differences between pVEP and fERG parameters. Results. The mean age of OHT patients and volunteers were 57 ± 12.25 years (range 30–65 years), and 53.25 ± 12.0 years (range 30–65 years), respectively. The mean amplitude of the pVEP was statistically lower in the OHT group (P 0.05). In fERG of OHT group, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of the oscillatory potentials (Ops), and a significant delay in latency of rod and cone waves (all P 0.05). Conclusions. Although we found a decrease in Ops amplitude and a prolonged latency in flicker fERG, only the decrease in Ops amplitude was statistically significant between the two groups. The amplitude of Ops wave and amplitude of pVEP may reflect early glaucomatous damage in OHT patients

valuation of Subclinical Multiple Sclerosis Patients Using Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials and Visual Field Test

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with normal visual acuity using pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) test and central 30-2 threshold visual field (VF) test. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients, 30 of which had a definitive MS diagnosis and 30 who were healthy volunteers, were included in the study. The participants were divided into the following three groups: Group 1 - optic neuritis (+) MS patients, Group 2 - optic neuritis (-) MS patients, and Group 3 - control group. Using white on white perimetry, SITA FAST central 30-2 threshold VF tests and 1˚-0.3˚ PVEP measurements were performed. MD, PSD, p100 latency (ms), p100 amplitude (µV), and central 0-10˚, 0-20˚, 0-30˚, 10-20˚, 10-30˚, 20-30˚ retina sensitivities (db) were evaluated in all groups. Results: There was a significant difference in all parameters between Group 1 and Group 3 (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in p100 latency 1˚- 0.3˚, p100 amplitude 0.3˚, central 0-30˚, 10-30˚, 20-30˚ between Group 2 and Group 3 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters except for p100 amplitude 1˚ between Group 1 and Group 2 (p>0.05). Conclusion: The evaluation of PVEP and central 30˚ VF can be used to monitor disease prognosis in subclinical MS patients. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 207-11

Mannan oligosakkarit ve seretonin’in beyaz bacaklı karides litopenaeus vannamei (boone)’nin kabuk değişimi, büyüme, vücut kompozisyonu ve hepatopankreas histolojisi üzerine etkileri

Mannan oligosakkarit, serotonin ve her ikisinin birlikte kullanımının Pasifik karidesi, Litopenaeus vannamei’nin kabuk değişimi, büyüme, yaşama oranı, et kompozisyonu ve hepatopankteas histolojisi üzerine etkileri 75 günlük bir çalışma sürecinde araştırılmıştır. 3 g kg-1 MOS, 20 mg kg-1 düzeyinde serotonin ve her ikisinin birlikte aynı düzeyde kullanımının etkileri kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılarak test edilmiştir. 1.35±0.04 g başlangıç ağırlığına sahip karidesler 10,71(kontrol), 11,05 (serotonin) ve 12,26 gram (MOS) ağırlığa ulaşmışlardır. MOS destekli yemlerle beslenen grupta yaşama oranı en yüksek olmasına ragmen (%86) gruplar arası istatistiki fark bulunamamıştır (P>0,05). 3 g kg-1 düzeyinde MOS katkılı yemlerle beslenen karideslerin yaşama oranı, kabuk değiştirme sıklığı, büyüme oranı ve FCR’ı kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. 20 mg/kg düzeyinde yemlere eklenen serotonin aynı parametreleri pozitif yönde etkilemesine rağmen kabuk değiştirme sıklığı üzerine olumsuz etkide bulunmuştur (P<0,05). Farklı yem katkıları hepatopankreatik dokuları etkilememiştir. Karideslerin et kompozisyonu (Protein, lipid, kül, kuru madde) tüm muamelelerde benzer bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yalnız 3 g kg -1 düzeyinde MOS ilavesi L. vannamei yemlerine büyümeyi teşvik edici madde olarak kullanılabilir.The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), serotonin (5-HT) and the combination of both on molting, growth, survival, body composition, and hepatopancreas histology of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated for 75 days. Dietary inclusion level of MOS at 3 g kg -1, serotonin at 20 mg kg-1, and both were tested in triplicate groups against a control diet lacking MOS or serotonin. The shrimps having an average initial weight of 1.35&plusmn;0.04 g attained to final weights an average of 10.71 control, 11.05 serotonin and 12.26 MOS respectively. Although survival rate was high (86%) in the shrimp fed MOS-supplemented diet, no statistical difference was found among the groups (P&gt;0.05). The results indicate that inclusion of 3 g kg-1 MOS into diet enhance shrimp survival, moulting rate, growth and FCR compared to the control. Serotonin inclusion at 20 mg/kg also improved the same parameters, but suppressed moulting rate in comparison to the other groups (P&lt;0.05). Hepatopancreatic tissues were not affected by dietary treatments. Body composition (protein, lipid, ash and dry matter) of the shrimps were also similar in all the dietary groups. In conclusion, the current results have demonstrated that MOS at 3.0 g kg-1 inclusion level could be used as growth promoter in L. vannamei diets