Die gängige Entwurmungspraxis - noch zeitgemäß?

Die gängige Entwurmungspraxis – noch zeitgemäß? Dieser Frage sind Dr. med. vet. Regine Koopmann, Institut für ökologischen Landbau der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft, und Dr. med. vet. Christian Epe, Institut für Parasitologie der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, nachgegangen

Der Mikropilz Duddingtonia flagrans zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Magen-Darm-Nematoden der Nutztiere – Übersicht zu Feldstudien 1994 bis 2006

An overview is given on some of the published works concerning the use of Dudding-tonia flagrans as an organism for biological control of parasitic nematodes with em-phasis on field studies with different farm animals

Investigation on the influence of nematophagous fungi as feed additive on nematode infection risk of sheep and goats on pasture

Gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants cause high economic losses. Thus on most farms anthelmintic treatment is required. In response to increasing problems with anthelmintic resistance, biological control, for example the use of nematophagous fungi, has received significant attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Duddingtonia flagrans orally applied to small ruminants on natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in a field study in Northern Germany. 20 goats and 20 sheep were fed daily for 3 months with 5x105 spores of D. flagrans per kg bodyweight. Differences in body weight, faecal egg count and larval development in faeces and on pasture in comparison with same-sized control groups were analysed. After 3 months the control goats showed significantly higher mean faecal egg count than the fungus-fed group. No significant difference was found between the two sheep groups. The maximum in larval reduction in faeces was 81.3 % in the sheep groups and 67.9 % in the goat groups (not significant). At the end of the study the body weight gain in the fungus-treated groups was 1.7 kg higher in goats and 0.7 kg higher in sheep than in the control groups (not significant). Regarding the first-year-grazing goats only, the bodyweights revealed significant differences (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in pasture larval counts. In the study presented here, no clear effect of fungus could be observed. A modified feeding regimen, perhaps with permanent release boluses or feed blocks, may improve the efficacy. Furthermore, it seems that climatic conditions during the study period could have influenced the results and displayed how sensitive the fungus application may be on such parameters

Natura 2000-beheerplannen: afstemming met plan-MER en passende beoordeling

Wanneer in een Natura 2000-beheerplan gebruik wordt gereguleerd dat een kans heeft op significante gevolgen op de instandhoudingsdoelstellingen van het gebied, is een passende beoordeling van het beheerplan nodig. De uitvoering van de passende beoordeling betekent ook een plan-MER plicht. De verschillende afstemmingsmogelijkheden op inhoud, actoren en in de tijd woren in dit rapport besproke

Covalent binding of reactive estrogen metabolites to microtubular protein as a possible mechanism of aneuploidy induction and neoplastic cell transformation.

Neoplastic cell transformation induced by estrogens and some other carcinogens such as benzene appears to involve the induction of mitotic aneuploidy rather than DNA damage and point mutations. As metabolic activation may also play an important role in the mechanism of carcinogenesis of these nongenotoxic compounds, we have studied the interaction of reactive quinone metabolites of various estrogens and of benzene with the major microtubular protein, tubulin, in a cell-free system. Covalent binding of the radioactively labeled metabolites to the alpha- and beta-subunit of tubulin was found to depend on the structure of the metabolite. When the adducted tubulins were tested in vitro for their ability to polymerize to microtubules, inhibition of microtubule assembly was observed in every case, although to varying extents. It is proposed that the formation of covalent tubulin adducts may impair the formation of mitotic spindles and thus contribute to chromosomal nondisjunction and aneuploidy induction

Larval migration in PERL chambers as an in vitro model for percutaneous infection stimulates feeding in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Ancylostoma caninum </it>third-stage larvae are the non-feeding infective stage of this parasite and are able to infect potential hosts via different infection routes. Since percutaneous infection is one of the most important routes and skin penetration is the first step into parasitic life, an existing <it>in vitro </it>model for percutaneous migration was modified and evaluated. The main parameter used to evaluate migration was the migration ratio (migrated larvae as a percentage of total number of larvae recovered). Additionally, the skin lag was calculated, expressing the percentage of larvae remaining in the skin and therefore not being recovered. Since initiation of feeding is proposed to be an important step in the transition from free-living to parasitic <it>A. caninum </it>larvae, feeding assays were performed with <it>in vitro </it>percutaneously migrated larvae. Additionally, infective larvae of <it>A. caninum </it>were activated via serum-stimulation and feeding behaviour was analysed and compared between percutaneously migrated and serum-stimulated larvae.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Maximum skin migration levels of infective larvae were observed at temperatures above 32°C when larvae were placed on the epidermal side of skin for more than 12 hours. The medium beneath the skin had no effect on migration ratio, and no significant difference between the migration ratios through fresh and frozen/thawed skin was observed.</p> <p>Maximum feeding levels of 93.2% were observed for percutaneously migrated larvae after 48 h incubation, whereas serum-stimulated larvae reached the maximum of 91.0% feeding larvae after 24 h.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The PERL chamber system was optimised and standardised as an <it>in vitro </it>model for percutaneous migration. The larvae recovered after percutaneous migration showed characteristic signs of activation similar to that of serum-stimulated larvae. The observed difference in time course of resumption of feeding indicates that percutaneously migrated larvae are not identical to serum-stimulated larvae, which are currently representing the model for early parasitic stages.</p

“Solo Dios sabe que ellos no saben lo que hacen”: un análisis a la locura criminal en los años de 1809 y 1822

Madmen have always been part of the common landscape of societies, their figure has always been present in the streets, houses, markets and other public spaces. These subjects have been recognized for their actions dissimilar to good repute and morality, mostly when they have been involved in criminal acts. The objective of this article is to offer the reader the social perception of the witnesses who were present in the criminal acts of Roque Londoño and Lucía Ardila, two madmen belonging to the parish of La Mesa and the city of Velez in the years 1809 and 1822. In addition, throughout the work will be analyzed the social vision of madness during the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth, as well as the concept of crime, this will have the intention of knowing the union that existed between these two aspects that would unleash a deep stigmatization on the mad subjects.Los locos siempre han sido parte del paisaje común de las sociedades, su figura siempre ha estado presente en las calles, las casas, los mercados y otros espacios públicos. Estos sujetos han sido reconocidos por sus actos disímiles a la honorabilidad y las buenas costumbres, mayormente cuando se han visto comprometidos en actos delictivos. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecerle al lector la percepción social de los testigos que estuvieron presentes en los actos criminales de Roque Londoño y Lucía Ardila, dos locos pertenecientes a la parroquia de La Mesa y la ciudad de Vélez en los años de 1809 y 1822. Además, a lo largo del trabajo se analizará la visión social de la locura durante el siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX, al igual que el concepto de delito, esto con la intención de conocer la unión que existió entre estos dos aspectos que desatarían una profunda estigmatización sobre los sujetos locos

Establishment of a minor groove binder-probe based quantitative real time PCR to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and differentiation of Borrelia spielmanii by ospA-specific conventional PCR

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Borrelia burgdorferi </it>sensu lato (sl), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, is transmitted by ticks of the genus <it>Ixodes </it>as vector. For identification of <it>Borrelia </it>infections in ticks a TaqMan™ minor groove binder (MGB) probe-based quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was established targeting the 5S-23S intergenic spacer. Extension to a duplex qPCR included an <it>Ixodes </it>spp. positive control to verify successful DNA isolation. Besides qPCR, an <it>osp</it>A-specific conventional PCR for species-specific identification of <it>B. spielmanii </it>was established. Afterwards 1000 <it>I. ricinus </it>flagged in the city of Hanover, Germany, were investigated for <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sl infections followed by species identification. Furthermore, <it>I. hexagonus </it>ticks were investigated to proof applicability of the PCRs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) identifying <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sl in ticks was able to detect 1-10 copies per reaction. <it>B. spielmanii osp</it>A-specific conventional PCR was also highly specific and showed no cross reactions with the other tested <it>Borrelia </it>species. From 1000 hanoveranian ticks 24.3% were positive compared to only 7.4% positives by dark-field microscopy. Related to tick stage 1.7% larvae, 18.1% nymphs, and 34.6% adults were positive. The most frequent species was <it>B. garinii</it>, followed by <it>B. afzelii</it>, <it>B. spielmanii</it>, <it>B. valaisiana </it>and <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sensu stricto (ss). 70.6% of <it>I. ricinus </it>were mono-infected, whereas 28.0% and 1.4% were infected with two and three <it>Borrelia </it>species, respectively. From 232 <it>I. hexagonus </it>collected from hedgehogs in different sites of Germany, qPCR detected 5.7% to be infected with <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sl, which were identified as <it>B. afzelii</it>, <it>B. garinii </it>and <it>B. spielmanii</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The evaluated qPCR to detect <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sl in <it>Ixodes </it>spp. is highly specific and sensitive. As a duplex qPCR including detection of <it>Ixodes </it>spp. DNA it is the first DNA based technique incorporating a control for successful DNA isolation from the vector tick. Establishment of a <it>B. spielmanii </it>specific conventional PCR filled the gap in PCR identification of principal European <it>Borrelia </it>genospecies. Practical application showed that all European pathogenic <it>Borrelia </it>spp. were present in <it>I. ricinus </it>flagged in recreational areas of the city of Hanover and confirmed <it>I. hexagonus </it>as reservoir for pathogenic <it>Borrelia </it>spp.</p