Interview protocol for the elicitation of community preferences

This is the standardized protocol based on the Swing method that was used to elicit weight preferences for first-level and second-level management objectives with the overall goal of developing a collaborative management plan for Blueskin Bay estuary (Aotearoa New Zealand) together with the local community

Strong isolation by distance among local populations of an endangered butterfly species (Euphydryas aurinia)

The marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) is a critically endangered butterfly species in Denmark known to be particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation due to its poor dispersal capacity. We identified and genotyped 318 novel SNP loci across 273 individuals obtained from 10 small and fragmented populations in Denmark using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to investigate its population genetic structure. Our results showed clear genetic substructuring and highly significant population differentiation based on genetic divergence (FST) among the 10 populations. The populations clustered in three overall clusters and due to further substructuring among these, it was possible to clearly distinguish six clusters in total. We found highly significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency within every population investigated which indicates substructuring and/or inbreeding (due to mating among closely related individuals). The stringent filtering procedure that we have applied to our genotype quality could have overestimated the heterozygote deficiency and the degree of substructuring of our clusters but is allowing relative comparisons of the genetic parameters among clusters. Genetic divergence increased significantly with geographic distance, suggesting limited gene flow at spatial scales comparable to the dispersal distance of individual butterflies and strong isolation by distance. Altogether, our results clearly indicate that the marsh fritillary populations are genetically isolated. Further, our results highlight that the relevant spatial scale for conservation of rare, low mobile species may be smaller than previously anticipated

Nocturnal plant respiration is under strong non-temperature control

Data set contains 1- Annual output (2000-2018) of simulated plant respiration and net primary productivity from JULES with standard (Q10=2) and temperature dependent Q10 (TDQ10) with and without consideration of nocturnal non temperature control of respiration. 2-Python code and data sets to produce figure 1 and extended figures 1-4

Supplementary material from "Heat hardening capacity in Drosophila melanogaster is life stage specific and juveniles show the highest plasticity"

Variation in stress resistance and adaptive plastic responses during ontogeny have rarely been addressed, despite the possibility that differences between life stages can affect range margins and thermal tolerance of species. Here, we assessed the thermal sensitivity and hardening capacity of Drosophila melanogaster across developmental stages from larval to the adult stage. We observed strong differences between life stages in heat resistance with adults being most heat resistant followed by puparia, pupae and larvae. The impact of heat hardening (1 h at 35°C) on heat resistance changed during ontogeny with the highest positive effect of hardening observed in puparia and pupae and the lowest in adults. These results suggest that immobile life stages (puparia and pupae) have evolved high plasticity in upper thermal limits whereas adults and larvae rely more on behavioural responses to heat stress allowing them to escape from extreme high temperatures. While most studies on the plasticity of heat resistance in ectotherms have focused on the adult life stage, our findings emphasize the crucial importance of juvenile life stages of arthropods in understanding the thermal biology and life stage-specific physiological responses to variable and stressful high temperatures. Failure to acknowledge this complication might lead to biased estimates of species' ability to cope with environmental changes, such as climate change

Supplementary material from "Heat hardening capacity in Drosophila melanogaster is life stage specific and juveniles show the highest plasticity"

Variation in stress resistance and adaptive plastic responses during ontogeny have rarely been addressed, despite the possibility that differences between life stages can affect range margins and thermal tolerance of species. Here, we assessed the thermal sensitivity and hardening capacity of Drosophila melanogaster across developmental stages from larval to the adult stage. We observed strong differences between life stages in heat resistance with adults being most heat resistant followed by puparia, pupae and larvae. The impact of heat hardening (1 h at 35°C) on heat resistance changed during ontogeny with the highest positive effect of hardening observed in puparia and pupae and the lowest in adults. These results suggest that immobile life stages (puparia and pupae) have evolved high plasticity in upper thermal limits whereas adults and larvae rely more on behavioural responses to heat stress allowing them to escape from extreme high temperatures. While most studies on the plasticity of heat resistance in ectotherms have focused on the adult life stage, our findings emphasize the crucial importance of juvenile life stages of arthropods in understanding the thermal biology and life stage-specific physiological responses to variable and stressful high temperatures. Failure to acknowledge this complication might lead to biased estimates of species' ability to cope with environmental changes, such as climate change

Data from: Heat hardening capacity in Drosophila melanogaster is life stage specific and juveniles show the highest plasticity

Variations in stress resistance and adaptive plastic responses during ontogeny have rarely been addressed, despite the possibility that differences between life stages can affect species' range margins and thermal tolerance. Here, we assessed the thermal sensitivity and hardening capacity of Drosophila melanogaster across developmental stages from larval to the adult stage. We observed strong differences between life stages in heat resistance, with adults being most heat resistant followed by puparia, pupae and larvae. The impact of heat hardening (1 h at 35°C) on heat resistance changed during ontogeny, with the highest positive effect of hardening observed in puparia and pupae and the lowest in adults. These results suggest that immobile life stages (puparia and pupae) have evolved high plasticity in upper thermal limits whereas adults and larvae rely more on behavioural responses to heat stress allowing them to escape from extreme high temperatures. While most studies on the plasticity of heat resistance in ectotherms have focused on the adult life stage, our findings emphasize the crucial importance of juvenile life stages of arthropods in understanding the thermal biology and life stage-specific physiological responses to variable and stressful high temperatures. Failure to acknowledge this complication might lead to biased estimates of species' ability to cope with environmental changes, such as climate change

Data from: Thermal acclimation and adaptation across populations in a broadly distributed soil arthropod

The relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution to the respons-es of species to climate change are poorly understood. It has been suggested that some species or populations will have to rely on their ability to adjust their phenotype rather than on adaptation through evolutionary adaptation. 2. We test the extent of intra- and inter-population patterns of acclimation and genetic varia-tion in multiple traits directly related to environmental tolerance limits in the broadly dis-tributed soil dwelling collembolan Orchesella cincta. 3. Genetic variation in both dynamic and static assays of thermal tolerance was present across seven populations spanning 14° of latitude and both heat and cold tolerance were significantly correlated with latitude. Short term heat and cold acclimation significantly increased thermal tolerance limits across all populations and there was local adaptation for acclimation responses for some traits. Furthermore, results showed large acclimatiza-tion responses in the field within populations for cold tolerance throughout a 13-month period and smaller acclimatization responses for heat tolerance. Acclimatization respons-es were correlated with microhabitat temperature at the site of collection suggesting that plastic responses are highly dynamic and allow organisms to cope with changes in tem-perature. 4. Our findings demonstrate small differences in upper and lower thermal tolerance limits across populations, but substantial local acclimatization effects dictated by microhabitat temperatures, and also highlight the limited scope and strong trade-offs to respond to in-creasing temperatures. These findings demonstrate the need for incorporating infor-mation on species' ability to respond to environmental change using both laboratory and field approaches into climate change models

Table S1 and S2 from Heat hardening capacity in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is life stage specific and juveniles show the highest plasticity

Table S1. Tukey's post-hoc test results after false discovery rate correction to compare the heat resistance of hardened and non-hardened individuals at different life stages exposed to 25 ºC compared to corresponding 37 ºC test temperature. The table shows the sum of square (SS), Fdf ratio and the p-values.; Table S2. Tukey's post-hoc test results after false discovery rate (FDR) correction to compare the heat resistance of different life stages at different test temperatures. The table shows the Fdf ratio and the p-values with p &lt; 0.05 in bold

Data from: Effects of photoperiod on life-history and thermal stress resistance traits across populations of Drosophila subobscura

Intro: Organisms use environmental cues to match their phenotype with the future availability of resources and environmental conditions. Changes in the magnitude and frequency of environmental cues such as photoperiod and temperature along latitudes can be used by organisms to predict seasonal changes. While the role of temperature variation on the induction of plastic and seasonal responses is well established, the importance of photoperiod for predicting seasonal changes is less explored. M&amp;M: Here we studied changes in life-history and thermal stress resistance traits in Drosophila subobscura in response to variation in photoperiod (6:18, 12:12 and 18:6 light:dark cycles) mimicking seasonal variations in daylength. Populations of D. subobscura were collected from five locations along a latitudinal gradient (from North Africa and Europe). These populations were exposed to different photoperiods for two generations, whereafter egg-to-adult viability, productivity, dry body weight, thermal tolerance, and starvation resistance were assessed. Results: We found strong effects of photoperiod, origin of populations, and their interactions on life-history and stress resistance traits. Thermal resistance varied between the populations and the effect of photoperiod depended on the trait and the method applied for the assessment of thermal resistance. Perspectives: Our results show a strong effect of the origin of population and photoperiod on a range of fitness related traits and provide evidence for local adaptation to environmental cues (photoperiod by population interaction). The findings emphasize an important and often neglected role of photoperiod in studies on thermal resistance and suggest that cues induced by photoperiod may provide some buffer enabling populations to cope with a more variable and unpredictable future climate

Dataset accompanying Andersen et al. 2020 Journal of Vegetation Science

The data presented here is the data used in the paper 'Turnover and change in plant species composition in a shielded salt marsh following variation in precipitation and temperature' by Andersen et al. 2020 Journal of Vegetation Science. The study was funded by Aage V. Jensens Naturfond (AVJNF) [Project title (in Danish): Udvikling af en forvaltningsstrategi, der tilgodeser hele økosystemet i De Østlige Vejler]. The data is arranged in four spreadsheets: Plot values: - Contains information for the 40 sampling plot sampled in each of 2017 and 2018. - The results represent mean values per sampling plot. - Ellenberg values are caluculated based on the species present in the 5 m circle. - Units provided along with column name. Presence absence 5m: - Species names listed in latin. - '1' denotes that the species was present in the 5 m circle, '0' denotes its absence. Pin point frequency: - Species names in latin. - The numeric values indicates how many times the given species was registred within the pinpoint frame. GPS coordinates: - Coordinates are in WGS 1984 format