Петрология, геохимия и рудоносность анорогенных гранитоидов шибеликского комплекса Горного Алтая

Актуальность проведенных исследований определяется необходимостью изучения петрологии, геохимии и оруденения анорогенных гранитоидов шибеликского комплекса Горного Алтая, который представлен сильно фракционированными разностями. С ними пространственно и парагенетически связаны различные типы оруденения Zr, Nb, Ta и TR. Цель исследования: изучить петрологические, геохимические особенности пород, акцессорного циркона и оруденения Шибеликского ареала с использованием экспериментальных диаграмм, позволяющих выявлять генетические проблемы и физико-химические особенности магматогенного и гидротермального цирконов. Методы исследований включали изучение зональных и незональных кристаллов сфена и апатита с применением лазерно-абляционного анализа методом индуктивно-связанной плазмы на спектрометре «ОРTIMA-4300» с высокой чувствительностью определения элементов в Лаборатории Объединённого института геологии и геофизики Сибирского отделения РАН (г. Новосибирск). Определение элементов-примесей в цирконах выполнено методом LA-ICP-MS (масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой и с лазерной абляцией) на масс-спектрометре ELEMENT 2 (фирма Thermo Finnigan Mat) с лазерной приставкой UP-2B, Nd: YAG (фирма New Wave Research) в ИГМ СО РАН (г. Новосибирск). Результаты. В статье приведены данные по геохимии и петрологии щелочных гранитоидов, магматического и гидротермального циркона шибеликского комплекса Горного Алтая. На основе представительных анализов пород и акцессорного циркона расшифровываются особенности генерации гранитоидов, их рудоносности и типизации. Гранитоиды отнесены к агпаитовым сильно фракционированным разностям. В них и в цирконе проявлен тетрадный эффект фракционирования (ТЭФ) РЗЭ М-типа, обусловленный высокой насыщенностью фтор-обогащёнными флюидами. Увеличение значений ТЭФ РЗЭ коррелируется с возрастанием кислотности среды. Выявляется экстремальная некогерентность отношений элементов к хондриту и несоответствие поведения заряд-радиусным характеристикам. Магматогенный циркон характеризуется призматической и пирамидальной формой кристаллов и высокими концентрациями Hf, Y, Sc и тяжёлых РЗЭ. Гидротермальный циркон имеет более высокие концентрации Nb, Ta и суммы TR.The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the need of researching petrology, geochemistry and ore mineralization of anorogenic granitoids of Shibelikskii complex which is represented by strong fractionated rocks. Different types of ore mineralization of Zr, Nb, Ta and REE are related to such rocks spatially and paragenetically. The main aim of the research is to study petrology, geochemical features of rocks, accessory mineral zircon and ore mineralization of Shibelikskii areal using the experimental diagrams, which allow revealing the genetic problems and determining physic-chemical features of magamatic and hydrothermal zircon crystals. The methods used in the study. Rare and scattered elements were determined in rocks by inductively coupled plasma method on the mass spectrometer «ОРTIMA-4300», the rest elements, including REE, were determined by La-ISP-MS methods in the Laboratory OIGaG SO RAN (Novosibirsk). Chemical elements in zircon were determined by La-ISP-MS mass-spectrometry method with inductively coupled plasma and laser ablation on the mass-spectrometer ELEMENT 2 (Thermo Finnigan Mat) with laser device UP-2B, Nd: YAG (New Wave Research) in the Laboratory OIGaG SO RAN (Novosibirsk). Results. The paper introduces the data on geochemistry and petrology of alkali granitoids and accessory magmatic and hydrothermal zircon of Shibelikskii complex in Gorny Altai. Based on the representative analysis of rocks and zircon the features of granitoids generation, their ore mineralization and typification are determined. The granitoids refer to agpaitic strong fractionation rocks. The tetradic effect of REE M-type fractionation appears in the rocks and in zircon. It is caused by high saturation with fluoro-rich fluids. Increase in meanings of tetradic effect of REE is correlated with the growth of the environment acidity. The author has determined the extreme non-coherence of elements ratio to chondrite and non-conformity of behavior to charge-and-radius-controlled characteristics. Magmatic zircon is characterized by prismatic and pyramid crystal form and high contents of Hf, Y, Sc, and heavy REE. Hydrothermal zircon has higher contents of Nb, Ta and sum of REE

Pelvic trauma : WSES classification and guidelines

Complex pelvic injuries are among the most dangerous and deadly trauma related lesions. Different classification systems exist, some are based on the mechanism of injury, some on anatomic patterns and some are focusing on the resulting instability requiring operative fixation. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic impairment of pelvic ring function and the associated injuries. The management of pelvic trauma patients aims definitively to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology associated to the mechanical stability of the pelvic ring. Thus the management of pelvic trauma must be multidisciplinary and should be ultimately based on the physiology of the patient and the anatomy of the injury. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of pelvic trauma and the management Guidelines.Peer reviewe

Time for a paradigm shift in shared decision-making in trauma and emergency surgery? Results from an international survey

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) between clinicians and patients is one of the pillars of the modern patient-centric philosophy of care. This study aims to explore SDM in the discipline of trauma and emergency surgery, investigating its interpretation as well as the barriers and facilitators for its implementation among surgeons. Methods: Grounding on the literature on the topics of the understanding, barriers, and facilitators of SDM in trauma and emergency surgery, a survey was created by a multidisciplinary committee and endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). The survey was sent to all 917 WSES members, advertised through the society’s website, and shared on the society’s Twitter profile. Results: A total of 650 trauma and emergency surgeons from 71 countries in five continents participated in the initiative. Less than half of the surgeons understood SDM, and 30% still saw the value in exclusively engaging multidisciplinary provider teams without involving the patient. Several barriers to effectively partnering with the patient in the decision-making process were identified, such as the lack of time and the need to concentrate on making medical teams work smoothly. Discussion: Our investigation underlines how only a minority of trauma and emergency surgeons understand SDM, and perhaps, the value of SDM is not fully accepted in trauma and emergency situations. The inclusion of SDM practices in clinical guidelines may represent the most feasible and advocated solutions

The optimal timing of surgical fracture stabilization in trauma patients

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Surgical interventions in trauma patients can amplify the initial systemic inflammatory response to injury. Aggressive early definitive surgical care could be detrimental in patients with physiological compromise or specific injury patterns. It has been shown, however, that early fracture fixation has a trend towards better outcome in patients with less severe injuries. Delaying all orthopedic surgery in critically injured patients can be a safe alternative but has several disadvantages. In the year 2000 the term Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) was first described. It was derived from the general surgical concept of staged care in complex abdominal trauma. The concept involved initial temporary external fixation of all long bone fractures in critically ill patients. Following initial external fixation, IM nailing was performed in the next 10 days when the patient’s physiology had improved. The identified indication for DCO included traumatic brain injury, hemodynamic instability, severe thoraco-abdominal injuries and multiple long bone fractures. DCO is an attractive approach as it achieves early fracture stabilization without the risks of IMN or the need of traction devices, there are however, some potential downsides. There is no consensus in the literature in regards to optimal timing of fracture fixation for some patient groups. The main hypothesis explored in this body of work is that early definitive surgery in selected patients has superior results. To investigate this hypothesis a review article and five clinical studies were conducted. The research findings support the importance of physiological assessment of a trauma patient in decision making for initial and secondary surgeries. The decision between Damage Control Orthopaedics and Early Total Care is a dynamic process and needs an early multidisciplinary approach. Which modality is chosen is dependent on multiple modifiable and non-modifiable parameters