Numerical and Experimental Study on Vortex Rope with MGV in the Micro-Class Hydro Francis Turbine

Energy consumption is a huge part of our daily life. Today we gather most of our energy from coal, oil and natural gas also known fossil fuels. Generating electricity on our planet, requires plenty of massive power plants and transmission grid system delivery to the power. Renewable energy comes from a source that is not depleted when using such as wind, solar and hydropower. Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy which is capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity as well can be efforts produce number of benefits such as a water supply, flood control and irrigation system. Micro-hydropower installation can provide power to the out-settlement or small community. These usually range between 5kW-100kW of electricity output. In this study, numerical and experimental analysis of 3kW micro-class Francis turbine carried out to predict performance of the turbine. A Draft tube is one of the most important part of Francis turbine which connects the runner exit to the tailrace where the water is being finally discharged at atmospheric pressure from the reaction turbine. There are several issues in the draft tube like pressure pulsation, effect of cavitation on draft tube performance, vortex rope study etc. At part-load condition vortex form it hits structure constantly which is affect the performance of the turbine. This study focused on prediction of vortex behavior at the draft tube and numerical results obtained the hydraulic performance of 3kW micro-class Francis turbine with the inlet pipe, a spiral casing with 12 guide vanes, 6 stay vanes and the runner having 13 blades and a draft tube. Ansys CFX software used to simulate for the numerical analysis of micro-class Francis turbine. Three misaligned guide vane (MGV) openings with 5 different MGV openings were chosen to analyze the influence of the pressure pulse in the turbine. Additionally, PIV technique was used to investigate flow velocity in the draft tube. In the numerical simulation, different sets of operating points were selected to get performance characteristics of the turbine and best efficiency point indicated 91.67% efficiency at 0.02m3/s, power output 3.32kW. For misaligned guide vanes, more options can be tried out by misaligning more guide vanes, at higher angles. Additionally, based on the numerical analysis of a Francis turbine, the results for efficiency obtained from simulation are found to good agreement with the model results obtained from the manufacturer. From the performed experiment on performance test of Francis turbine using the Francis turbine experimental set-up in the Flow Informatics Laboratory at Korean Maritime and Ocean University. The experimental analysis of the turbine showed a significant result. The turbine operated at different vane angle setting were obtained and tested by varying the parameters as a guide vane angle in the 6 different range of between 2-12 degrees, speed, and 500-1700 rpm respectively. The lowest difference between the experimental and numerical results was 2.03% and the maximum difference between the experimental and numerical results was 6.12 %. Numerical efficiency higher than experimental efficiency.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 History of hydropower 2 1.3 Classification of the hydropower plant 3 1.3.1 River Power Plant (Run-Of-River) 4 1.3.2 Pumped storage hydropower plant 5 1.3.3 Reservoir hydropower plant 5 1.3.4 Instream technology using existing facilties 6 1.4 Organization of hydropower plant 6 CHAPTER 2. HYDRO TURBINES 8 2.1 Classification of turbine 8 2.1.1 Based on head and quantity of water available 8 2.1.2 Classification based on action of the water flowing through runner 9 2.1.3 Classification based on Direction of flow of water in runner 10 2.1.4 Classification based on specific speed 10 2.2 Francis turbine 12 2.2.1 Components of the Francis turbine 12 2.2.2 Spiral Casing 13 2.2.3 Runner 13 2.2.4 Guide vanes and stay vanes 14 2.2.5 Draft tube 14 2.3 Cavitation in francis turbine 19 CHAPTER 3. PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SETUP TURBINE 22 3.1 Modeling 22 3.2 Numerical analysis 28 3.2.1 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 28 3.2.2 Grid discretization 29 3.2.3 Boundary condition 31 3.2.4 Hydraulic efficiency and power characteristic 32 3.2.5 Flow feature and pressure distribution 34 3.3 Unsteady flow analysis 41 3.3.1 Unsteady flow at full load 41 3.3.2 Unsteady flow at partial load 45 3.3.3 A draft tube swirl 46 3.3.4 Vortex rope in part flow 46 3.4 Signal analysis 52 3.5 Misaligned guide vane 55 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 58 4.1 Eexperimental setup 58 4.2 Experimental apparatus specifications 60 4.2.1 Torque Transducer 60 4.2.2 Powder brake 62 4.2.3 Pressure transducers 63 4.2.4 Flow mmeter 64 4.3 Calibration and uncertainty analysis 66 4.4 Eexperimental procedure 67 4.4.1 Starting the Pump 67 4.4.2 Starting the Francis turbine 67 4.4.3 Hydraulic efficiency of experimental 67 4.5 PIV experiment 70 4.5.1 Overview of PIV Flow Visualization 70 4.5.2 Configuration of PIV experiment device 71 4.5.3 Lighting and tracking particles 73 4.5.4 Result of the PIV experiment 75 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 82 Acknowledgement 83 References 84Maste

Identification of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme Inhibitory Activities from traditional Mongolian fermented milk products

Several angiotensen-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptites have been detected in milk products. There are many traditional milk products in Mongolia. For this study, some Mongolian milk products were collected, and the ACE inhibitory activities of these samples were tested; an active fraction was found in aaruul made from mare’s milk. After purification by dialysis and HPLC, the active fractions were isolated. The molecular weight of the active component was 362.05 M, as determined by mass spectrometry. An authentic standard was used to determine the IC50 value of the inhibitory activity. From 5’-GMP is not much higher than that of the active peptide in sour milk and some flavonoids. However, this is the first report that shows that 5’ –GMP inhibits ACE activity. These results will provide useful information for the development of hypertension therapy agents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.175 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry Vol.12 2011: 65-6

The Involvement of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in the Angiographically Defined Coronary Atherosclerotic Patients

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of endothelial progenitor cell-colony forming units in the angiographically defined coronary atherosclerotic patients. Methods: The 10 ml blood was drawn from the peripheral vein of 12-man patients that 4-stable angina, 4 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 4 healthy people. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation and EPC-CFUs was assayed after two plating and a 6-day culture on fibronectin-coated, 72 well plates, as described. eNOS enzyme titers were determined by ELISA according to the protocol in the cell culture. Results: The people were 52 ± 2.12 years. The number of EPC-CFUs increases with the accordance of patients with stable angina, AMI, healthy people with the statistical significance (H = 15.8, p < 0.001): stable angina (2.6 ± 0.47 colony/well), AMI (6.7 ± 0.81 colony/well), healthy people (10.5 ± 1.34 colony/well). Furthermore, the Kruskal–Wallis test of eNOS enzyme levels in patients with stable angina (5.2 ± 0.61 pg/ml), AMI (8.7 ± 1.49 pg/ml), and healthy people (13.7 ± 2.48 pg/ml). The significant difference (H = 5.7, p < 0.010) was observed among the three groups. The number of EPC-CFUs had a direct significant correlation (r = 0.621, p < 0.001) with the eNOS enzyme levels of this culture. Conclusions: The number of EPC-CFUs and eNOS enzyme levels decrease at patients with stable angina, indicate more than endothelial dysfunction

第一原理計算に立脚した原子間力顕微鏡原子操作の微視的な機構の研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 押山 淳, 東京大学教授 今田 正俊, 東京大学教授 福谷 克之, 東京大学准教授 杉本 宜昭, 東京大学教授 渡邉 聡University of Tokyo(東京大学

Early Results of High Tibial Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis in Mongolia

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the reproducibility of the surgical correction and pain relief following high tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis. Methods: Twenty-seven patients who underwent high tibial osteotomy at The First Central Hospital of Mongolia were included. Patients divided into three groups based on their osteoarthritis grade using the Kellgren Lawrence classification. The weight-bearing line and medial proximal tibial angle were used for preoperative planning to assess postoperative correction. Oxford knee scores were used to assess knee pain and function. Results: The weight-bearing line and medial proximal tibial angle measurements at both postoperative time intervals were significantly different from the preoperative values (p<.001) but were not significantly different from each other. The Oxford knee scores were 31.54±6.3 preoperatively, 34.82±4.3 at two months after the surgery and improved to 40.89±2.7 six months after the surgery. Statistically significant successive improvements in scores were observed at each time interval (p<.001). Conclusion: High tibial osteotomy can be done with rigid internal fixation and can improve function and reduce pain in Mongolian patients with early arthritis without affecting joint range of motion

Involvement of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives: Prior studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a key role in pathogenesis of plaque rupture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of serum MMP-9 enzyme at pathogenesis of the plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: The study enrolled 80 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in our institution. Inclusion in the case group (n = 40) required a ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaque confirmed by conventional angiography, whereas inclusion in the control group (n = 40) required stable coronary atherosclerosis. Serum MMP-9 levels were determined by ELISA. Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) by electrocardiogram and Gensini score (Coronary Angiographic Scoring System) were utilized for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease. Results: The average level of MMP-9 was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (396±155 ng/mL vs. 223±87 ng/mL, p<0.001) with further demonstration that MMP-9 is an independent predictor of plaque rupture (β = 0.985, p><0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p ><0.01 and r = 0.340, p><0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p ><0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis.><0.001) with further demonstration that MMP-9 is an independent predictor of plaque rupture (β = 0.985, p<0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p ><0.01 and r = 0.340, p><0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p ><0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis.><0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p<0.01 and r=0.340, p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p<0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis

Comparison of Treatment Results for Clinical Types of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment results of different clinical types of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods: A total of 162 patients diagnosed with BPPV between January 2019 to January 2021 at EMJJ ENT Hospital’s vestibular laboratory in Mongolia were included in our study. The diagnosis of BPPV was made according to the 2017 AAO-HNS clinical practice guideline for BPPV. Clinical questionnaires, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaires, and videonystgamography were obtained for all patients. Results: From a total of 162 patients diagnosed as BPPV, 62.4% had posterior canal BPPV, 27.1% had horizontal canal BPPV, and 10.5% had anterior canal BPPV. Fischer’s exact test showed a higher incidence on the right side (p = 0.000). The mean age 50 ± 11.7; the male to female ratio 1:4. When the relationship between the effectiveness and duration of the treatment was assessed, 123 (75.9%) recovered after 7 days. DHI score after treatment significantly after treatment (p = 0.000) regardless of the clinical type. Conclusions: Patients who had a longer duration of symptoms underwent unnecessary diagnostic tests and developed additional psychologic problems. There were no statistically significant differences when we compared the characteristics and treatment between the three clinical types of BPPV