Supervisi dalam Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru melalui Gugus Sekolah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan: (1) teknik yang digunakan, (2) faktor pendukung dan pendayagunaan, (3) kendala dan cara mengatasi nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multi situs di gugus sekolah I dan gugus Sekolah II Unit Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kecamatan Munjungan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui dua tahap: (1) analisis data tiap gugus, (2) analisis lintas gugus. Hasil penelitian: Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik kelompok. Faktor pendukung dan pendayagunaan, yaitu (1) kesetiakawanan antar guru dan lembaga cukup tinggi pendayagunaan nya dengan menjalin komunikasi yang efektif antar personil dan antar lembaga; (2) Adanya dana sertifikasi dengan mewajibkan guru mengikuti kegiatan KKG dengan biaya swadaya; (3) wilayah gugus yang tidak luas pendayagunaan dengan melaksanakan koordinasi antar sekolah dan antar personil secara intens. Kendala dan cara mengatasinya yaitu: (1) tidak ada aturan yang resmi dari pemerintah tentang pelaksanaan KKG dan pengelolaan gugus solusinya dengan melaksanakan kegiatan berdasarkan RKAG; (2) komitmen guru masih rendah cara mengatasinya dengan melibatkan semua unsur yang ada di gugus dalam perencanaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi kegiatan; (3) minimnya sarana prasarana penunjang kegiatan, adapun solusinya dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas dari sekolah inti dan lembaga lain.This study aims to describe: (1) the techniques used, (2) supporting factors and utilization, (3) problems and how to resolve it. This study used a qualitative approach with a multi-site study design in school cluster I and group II Unit School Department of Education and Culture District of Munjungan through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data in two steps: (1) analysis of the data of each group, (2) analysis across the group. RESULTS: The technique used is the technique of the group. Factors supporting and utilization, namely: (1) solidarity between teachers and institutions is quite high utilization of its by establishing effective communication between personnel and between institutions; (2) The existence of certified funds by requiring teachers to follow KKG with the cost of self-help; (3) the area is not extensive cluster utilization by coordinating an inter-school and inter-personnel is intense. Obstacles and how to overcome them, namely: (1) there are no official rules of the government regarding the implementation of KKG and cluster management solution by implementing activities under RKAG; (2) commitment of teachers is low how to cope with the involvement of all elements in the group in planning, monitoring and evaluation activities; (3) the lack of supporting infrastructure of activity, while the solution is to utilize the facilities of the core schools and other institutions

2-[(1E)-({[(Benzylsulfanyl)methanethioyl]amino}- imino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The title di­thio­carbazate ester, C16H16N2O2S2, comprises two almost planar residues, i.e. the phenyl ring and the remaining 14 non-H atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0410 Å). These are orientated perpendicularly, forming a dihedral angle of 82.72 (5)°. An intra­molecular hy­droxy-O—H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond, leading to an S(6) loop, is noted. An analysis of the geometric parameters is consistent with the mol­ecule existing as the thione tautomer, and the conformation about the C=N bond is E. The thione S and imine H atoms lie to the same side of the mol­ecule, facilitating the formation of inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds leading to eight-membered {⋯HNCS}2 synthons in the crystal. These aggregates are connected by phenyl-C—H⋯O(hy­droxy) inter­actions into a supra­molecular layer in the bc plane; these stack with no directional inter­actions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the nature of the inter­molecular inter­actions

Moving region detection in compressed video

In this paper, an algorithm for moving region detection in compressed video is developed. It is assumed that the video can be compressed either using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DOT) or the Wavelet Transform (WT). The method estimates the WT of the background scene from the WTs of the past image frames of the video. The WT of the current image is compared with the WT of the background and the moving objects are determined from the difference. The algorithm does not perform inverse WT to obtain the actual pixels of the current image nor the estimated background. In the case of DOT compressed video, the DC values of 8 by 8 image blocks of Y, U and V channels are used for estimating the background scene. This leads to a computationally efficient method and a system compared to the existing motion detection methods. © Springer-Verlag 2004

Signs of low frequency dispersions in disordered binary dielectric mixtures (50-50)

Dielectric relaxation in disordered dielectric mixtures are presented by emphasizing the interfacial polarization. The obtained results coincide with and cause confusion with those of the low frequency dispersion behavior. The considered systems are composed of two phases on two-dimensional square and triangular topological networks. We use the finite element method to calculate the effective dielectric permittivities of randomly generated structures. The dielectric relaxation phenomena together with the dielectric permittivity values at constant frequencies are investigated, and significant differences of the square and triangular topologies are observed. The frequency dependent properties of some of the generated structures are examined. We conclude that the topological disorder may lead to the normal or anomalous low frequency dispersion if the electrical properties of the phases are chosen properly, such that for ``slightly'' {\em reciprocal mixture}--when $\sigma_1\gg\sigma_2$, and $\epsilon_1<\epsilon_2$--normal, and while for ``extreme'' {\em reciprocal mixture}--when $\sigma_1\gg\sigma_2$, and $\epsilon_1\ll\epsilon_2$--anomalous low frequency dispersions are obtained. Finally, comparison with experimental data indicates that one can obtain valuable information from simulations when the material properties of the constituents are not available and of importance.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Mechanical Properties of UV Cured Mixture of Linear and Hyperbranched Urethane Acrylates

Ispitivane su smeše uretan akrilata na bazi linearnog poliestra i dva uretan akrilata, sa istim stepenom akrilovanja, na bazi alifatskih hiperrazgranatih poliestara (HRP). Linearni poliestar sintetisan je od neopentil glikola i adipinske kiseline. HRP treće generacije dobijen je od 2,2- bis(hidroksimetil)propionske kiseline i di-trimetilol propana. Modifikacija 60 % završnih OH grupa HRP-a izvedena je masnim kiselinama sojinog ulja ili izononskom kiselinom. Linearni uretan akrilat (LUA) i hiperrazgranati uretan akrilat (HUA) na bazi HRP modifikovanog masnim kiselinama sojinog ulja i HUA na bazi HRP modifikovanog izononskom kiselinom dobijeni su reakcijom određenog poliestra i izocijanatnog adukta, prethodno dobijenog reakcijom ekvimolarnih količina izoforon diizocijanata i 2-hidroksietil akrilata. Procena mešljivosti smeša LUA i HUA izvršena je na osnovu viskozimetrijskih merenja koristeći metodu koju je ustanovio Chee. Ovako pripremljenim smešama dodato je 20 mas. % heksandioldiakrilata i 4 mas. % fotoinicijatora, Irgacure 184, i umrežene su pod dejstvom UV zračenja. Umreženi uzorci ispitivani su u ogledima dinamičkog uvijanja i jednoosnog istezanja. Mehanička svojstva umreženih uzoraka zavise od mešljivosti komponenata smeše i od njenog sastava.The mixtures of urethane acrylate resin based on linear polyester and two urethane acrylates, with the same degree of acrylation, prepared from partially modified aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters (HBP), were examined. Linear polyester was obtained from neopentil glycol and adipic acid. HBP of the third generation was synthesized from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and ditrimethylol propane. The modification of 60 % OH end-groups of HBP was carried out with soybean fatty acids or isononanoic acid. Linear urethane acrylate (LUA) and hyperbranched urethane acrylate (HUA) based on the HBP modified with soy been faty acid and HUA based on the HBP modified with isononanoic acid were obtained by reaction of appropriate polyester and NCO adduct, previously obtained by reaction of equimolar amount of isophorone diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. The miscibility of the prepared mixtures of LUA and HUAs was estimated according to viscosity measurements using the approach developed by Chee. UV curable formulation was obtained by adding hexanediol diacrylate (20 wt. %) and photoinitiator, Irgacure 184, (4 wt. %) to the prepared LUA and HUA mixtures. The UV cured samples were examined by dynamic torsion and uniaxial tension. It was obtained that mechanical properties of the UV cured samples depend on miscibility of mixture’s constituents and on its composition

On micro-structural effects in dielectric mixtures

The paper presents numerical simulations performed on dielectric properties of two-dimensional binary composites on eleven regular space filling tessellations. First, significant contributions of different parameters, which play an important role in the electrical properties of the composite, are introduced both for designing and analyzing material mixtures. Later, influence of structural differences and intrinsic electrical properties of constituents on the composite's over all electrical properties are investigated. The structural differences are resolved by the spectral density representation approach. The numerical technique, without any {\em a-priori} assumptions, for extracting the spectral density function is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure and 7 tables. It is submitted to IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulatio

Dynamics of mitochondrial heteroplasmy in three families investigated via a repeatable re-sequencing study

Background: Originally believed to be a rare phenomenon, heteroplasmy - the presence of more than one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant within a cell, tissue, or individual - is emerging as an important component of eukaryotic genetic diversity. Heteroplasmies can be used as genetic markers in applications ranging from forensics to cancer diagnostics. Yet the frequency of heteroplasmic alleles may vary from generation to generation due to the bottleneck occurring during oogenesis. Therefore, to understand the alterations in allele frequencies at heteroplasmic sites, it is of critical importance to investigate the dynamics of maternal mtDNA transmission. Results: Here we sequenced, at high coverage, mtDNA from blood and buccal tissues of nine individuals from three families with a total of six maternal transmission events. Using simulations and re-sequencing of clonal DNA, we devised a set of criteria for detecting polymorphic sites in heterogeneous genetic samples that is resistant to the noise originating from massively parallel sequencing technologies. Application of these criteria to nine human mtDNA samples revealed four heteroplasmic sites. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the incidence of heteroplasmy may be lower than estimated in some other recent re-sequencing studies, and that mtDNA allelic frequencies differ significantly both between tissues of the same individual and between a mother and her offspring. We designed our study in such a way that the complete analysis described here can be repeated by anyone either at our site or directly on the Amazon Cloud. Our computational pipeline can be easily modified to accommodate other applications, such as viral re-sequencing

Optimization of MicroCT Imaging and Blood Vessel Diameter Quantitation of Preclinical Specimen Vasculature with Radiopaque Polymer Injection Medium

Vascular networks within a living organism are complex, multi-dimensional, and challenging to image capture. Radio-angiographic studies in live animals require a high level of infrastructure and technical investment in order to administer costly perfusion mediums whose signals metabolize and degrade relatively rapidly, diminishing within a few hours or days. Additionally, live animal specimens must not be subject to long duration scans, which can cause high levels of radiation exposure to the specimen, limiting the quality of images that can be captured. Lastly, despite technological advances in live-animal specimen imaging, it is quite difficult to minimize or prevent movement of a live animal, which can cause motion artifacts in the final data output. It is demonstrated here that through the use of postmortem perfusion protocols of radiopaque silicone polymer mediums and ex-vivo organ harvest, it is possible to acquire a high level of vascular signal in preclinical specimens through the use of micro-computed tomographic (microCT) imaging. Additionally, utilizing high-order rendering algorithms, it is possible to further derive vessel morphometrics for qualitative and quantitative analysis

An analysis of the deinstitutionalization of inflation-adjusted accounting practices in Brazilian companies

This article aims to analyze the deinstitutionalization of the inflation-adjustment accounting practices used by large Brazilian companies. The theoretical assumptions used were based on institutional theory, which provides a sociological interpretation of human behavior that recognizes the phenomenon of limited rationality and the political character of social action. Analyses were based on the empirical approach that was proposed by Oliver (1992). The research strategy consisted of questionnaires and interviews conducted in a population of 118 large Brazilian companies from Exame Magazine's list of the 500 largest companies. The primary respondents were accountants and controllers. Factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted using the approach proposed by Oliver (1992), and the research included 22 variables comprising 12 constructs and 6 qualitative hypotheses regarding the pressures that motivate the deinstitutionalization of inflation-adjusted accounting practices. Therefore, with regard to the constructs assessed, emphasis was placed on identifying the political pressures (the environment) and the functional pressures in both the organizational and environmental dimensions. However, the social pressures did not prove to be significant. We conclude that the process of deinstitutionalization results from a distinct combination of institutional factors, and these results are consistent with the findings from research conducted in the US market and in the UK