PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE STAGE 3 OR MORE IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ANTWERP: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Le 23 mai 1924, Gabriel Cromer présentait à la Société française de photographie une communication intitulée : "François Willème, inventeur de la photosculpture", dont l'ambition était de " fixer pour l'histoire de la photographie, la figure et l'oeuvre de celui qui, en 1859-1860, inventa la photosculpture, la chose comme le nom, et la porta jusqu'à un degré de perfection aussi remarquable qu'oublié. " Selon Cromer, c'est " tout naturellement " qu'un beau jour, ce sculpteur, né à Sedan..

Effect of temperature and compositional changes on the phonon properties of Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys

We report on the vibrational properties of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy system Ni-Mn-Ga in its stoichiometric Ni(2)MnGa and off-stoichiometric Ni(49)Mn(32)Ga(19) compositions. Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements at different temperatures are presented with a focus on the austenite phase and compared to first-principles calculations. The overall behavior of the full phonon dispersion is similar for both compositions with remarkable exceptions for the TA(2)[xi xi 0] acoustic branch and optical phonon branches. Less dispersion is found in the optical phonons for Ni(49)Mn(32)Ga(19) in the whole reciprocal space when compared to Ni(2)MnGa and is explained by the occupation of regular Ga sites by excess Mn atoms. A pronounced softening in the TA(2)[xi xi 0] phonon branch within the austenite phase is observed in both samples when approaching the martensitic transition. Its location in reciprocal space reveals the martensitic transition mechanism. The austenite L2(1) structure transforms to the tetragonal modulated martensite structure by shuffling (110) planes in the [1 $(1) over bar$0] direction, similarly to what has been observed at the martensitic transitions of the d(1) and d(2) transition metals. Whereas the temperature dependence of the softening of the TA(2)[xi xi 0] phonons in the stoichiometric sample coincides perfectly with the magnetic and structural transitions, this is not the case for the off-stoichiometric sample. Here the relation between the magnetic ordering and the vibrational properties is still an open question. © 2012, American Physical Society

Beneficence and Welfare: Notes for the Comparative Study of “Doing Good” Practices (‘amal Khayr) in the Islamic World

International audienceLeaning on a transversal analysis of the role that charitable practices and actors play in social policies’ transformations in different Islamic contexts, this chapter addresses four analytical issues one need to address in order to understand these reconfigurations. Firstly, it underlines how religious ethos and moral economies are key processes when researching "doing good" practices and social policy, even more in Islamic contexts. Secondly, it addresses the importance of contextualization of the social processes we study, with an eye toward identifying both singularities and circulations. Thirdly, this chapter shows the necessity to take into account both the one who gives and the beneficiaries/recipients (whatever labels they can have in different situations), who are far from being apathetic. Therefore, rather than calling for new typologies, we call for a relational analysis of contemporary "welfare mixes" (Destremau, 2018), as these aid/kheyrie/welfare actors act within different ethical and moral frameworks, temporalities, scales, and institutional cultures