Equivalence of the long-wavelength approximation and the truncated Taylor expansion in relativistic Coulomb excitation

The long-wavelength approximation and the truncated Taylor expansion are frequently used in the theory of relativistic Coulomb excitation to obtain multipole expansions of the interaction. It is shown in this note that these two approximations are exactly equivalent.Comment: 5 page

Anharmonicities of giant dipole excitations

The role of anharmonic effects on the excitation of the double giant dipole resonance is investigated in a simple macroscopic model.Perturbation theory is used to find energies and wave functions of the anharmonic ascillator.The cross sections for the electromagnetic excitation of the one- and two-phonon giant dipole resonances in energetic heavy-ion collisions are then evaluated through a semiclassical coupled-channel calculation.It is argued that the variations of the strength of the anharmonic potential should be combined with appropriate changes in the oscillator frequency,in order to keep the giant dipole resonance energy consistent with the experimental value.When this is taken into account,the effects of anharmonicities on the double giant dipole resonance excitation probabilities are small and cannot account for the well-known discrepancy between theory and experiment

How harmonic is dipole resonance of metal clusters?

We discuss the degree of anharmonicity of dipole plasmon resonances in metal clusters. We employ the time-dependent variational principle and show that the relative shift of the second phonon scales as $N^{-4/3}$ in energy, $N$ being the number of particles. This scaling property coincides with that for nuclear giant resonances. Contrary to the previous study based on the boson-expansion method, the deviation from the harmonic limit is found to be almost negligible for Na clusters, the result being consistent with the recent experimental observation.Comment: RevTex, 8 page

Double Giant Dipole Resonance in ^{208}Pb

Double-dipole excitations in ^{208}Pb are analyzed within a microscopic model explicitly treating 2p2h-excitations. Collective states built from such 2p2h-excitations are shown to appear at about twice the energy of the isovector giant dipole resonance, in agreement with the experimental findings. The calculated cross section for Coulomb excitation at relativistic energies cannot explain simultaneously the measured single-dipole and double-dipole cross sections, however.Comment: 7 pages, Latex, 5 postscript figure

Microscopic description of Coulomb and nuclear excitation of multiphonon states in 40^{40}Ca + 40^{40}Ca collisions

We calculate the inelastic scattering cross sections to populate one- and two-phonon states in heavy ion collisions with both Coulomb and nuclear excitations. Starting from a microscopic approach based on RPA, we go beyond it in order to treat anharmonicities and non-linear terms in the exciting field. These anharmonicities and non-linearities are shown to have important effects on the cross sections both in the low energy part of the spectrum and in the energy region of the Double Giant Quadrupole Resonance. By properly introducing an optical potential the inelastic cross section is calculated semiclassically by integrating the excitation probability over all impact parameters. A satisfactory agreement with the experimental results is obtained.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, revtex, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Fragmentation of exotic oxygen isotopes

Abrasion-ablation models and the empirical EPAX parametrization of projectile fragmentation are described. Their cross section predictions are compared to recent data of the fragmentation of secondary beams of neutron-rich, unstable 19,20,21O isotopes at beam energies near 600 MeV/nucleon as well as data for stable 17,18O beams

Coulomb excitation of exotic nuclei at the R3B-LAND setup

Exotic Ni isotopes have been measured at the R3B-LAND setup at GSI in Darmstadt, using Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics at beam energies around 500 MeV/u. As the experimental setup allows kinematically complete measurements, the excitation energy was reconstructed using the invariant mass method. The GDR and additional low-lying strength have been observed in 68Ni, the latter exhausting 4.1(1.9)% of the E1 energy-weighted sum rule. Also, the branching ratio for the non-statistical decay of the excited 68Ni nuclei was measured and amounts to 24(4)%.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. Invited Talk given at the 11th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2012), San Antonio, Texas, USA, May 27-June 1, 2012. To appear in the NN2012 Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS

Octupole correlation effects near Z=56, N=88

Partial decay schemes for the very neutron-rich nuclei 146, 148, 150Ce have been determined by the study of γ-γ coincidences in 252Cf fission fragments. Similar behavior to that seen in 144, 146Ba, 148Nd and 150Sm, and interpreted in terms of strong octupole correlations, has been observed in yrast levels of 146Ce but not in 148Ce and 150Ce. This is in agreement with the predictions of cranked mean field calculations

Theory of Multiphonon Excitation in Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study the effects of channel coupling in the excitation dynamics of giant resonances in relativistic heavy ions collisions. For this purpose, we use a semiclassical approximation to the Coupled-Channels problem and separate the Coulomb and the nuclear parts of the coupling into their main multipole components. In order to assess the importance of multi-step processes, we neglect the resonance widths and solve the set of coupled equations exactly. Finite widths are then considered. In this case, we handle the coupling of the ground state with the dominant Giant Dipole Resonance exactly and study the excitation of the remaining resonances within the Coupled-Channels Born Approximation. A comparison with recent experimental data is made.Comment: 29 pages, 7 Postscript figures available upon reques

Octupole deformation in neutron-rich barium isotopes

Partial decay schemes for the very neutron-rich nuclei 142,144Ba and Ba146 have been determined by the study of - coincidences in Cf252 fission fragments. Interlaced positive- and negative-parity levels connected by fast electric dipole transitions are observed in Ba144 and Ba146 above spin 7Latin small letter h with stroke. This is similar to the situation in some light actinide nuclei, where the data have been interpreted in terms of reflection-asymmetric shapes