MARIKULTURA U HRVATSKOJ, POVIJEST I PERSPEKTIVE

Croatia is the country where the sea was used as a food source about a thousand years ago. The tradition of some forms of collection and culture of marine organisms is very long along the Adriatic coast. The farming of marine organisms has a long tradition on the eastern Adriatic coast dating back to the 19th century. L o r i n i (1903) mentioned a figure of 116 such fish ponds on the eastern Adriatic coast. Long tradition of shellfish and fish breeding and particularly a growing fund knowledge recently provided a mariculture development at a growing pace. The eastern Adriatic coast with a number of bays, coves and channels protected from the wind and waves by chains of islands provide marvelous conditions for intensive farming on floating platforms.Hrvatska je zemlja u kojoj se more kao izvor hrane iskorištavalo prije tisuću godina. Tradicija sakupljanja i uzgoja morskih organizama vrlo je duga duž jadranske obale. Uzgoj morskih organizama ima u tim krajevima dugu tradiciju, koja datira još iz 19. stoljeća. L o r i n i (1903.) spominje 116 takvih ribnjaka na istočnoj obali Jadranskog mora. Znanje stećeno dugogodisnjim radom na mriješćenju, a napose uzgoju školjkaša i riba, omogućilo je razvoj marikulture u sadašnjemu stanju. Istočna obala Jadranskog mora s brojnim zaljevima, uvalama i kanalima izvrsno je mjesto za intenzivan uzgoj morskih organizama, budući das u naši otoci povezani tako da ih štite od udara valova i vjetrova

Usporedba histološke slike slezene i bubrega lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) iz uzgoja i prirodne populacije

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intensive farming on spleen and kidney histology. The study was carried out on sea bass reared intensively in sea-cages and fed with complete commercial diets. The control group of sea bass was wild fish caught in Tarska Bay, Istria. The investigation was focused on histological changes in spleen and kidney. Microscopic evaluation revealed that the number of melanomacrophage centers (MMC) was significantly higher (p0.5) compared to the control. There were no differences in the occurrence of degenerative and inflammatory lesions in the kidney.Svrha ovog rada bila je istražiti utjecaj intenzivnog uzgoja, na histološku sliku slezene i bubrega lubina. Istraživani su lubini iz intenzivnog uzgoja, uzgajani u kavezima i hranjeni industrijski proizvedenom kompletnom hranom, a kao kontrolna skupina poslužili su lubini iz prirodne populacije uzorkovani prilikom izlovljavanja ribe iz Tarske uvale, Istra. Istraživanje je bilo usmjereno na histološke promjene u slezeni i bubrezima. Rezultati histološke pretrage pokazali su da je prosječan broj MMC-a značajno povećan (p0,05). Nije utvrđena razlika u učestalosti degenerativnih promjena i nakupljanju upalnih stanica

MICROPHYTOBENTHOS IN THE SUTLA RIVER

Rijeka Sutla granična je rijeka između Hrvatske i Slovenije. Ukupna joj je dužina oko 91 km, od toga u Hrvatskoj 89 km. Istraživanje mikrofitobentosa provedeno je na šest lokaliteta duž rijeke Sutle. Uzorci su sabirani s određene površine karakterističnih staništa. Uz sakupljanje fitobentosa, izmjereni su osnovni fizikalno–kemijski pokazatelji: temperatura vode, pH i količina otopljenog kisika u vodi. Temperatura vode mijenjala se sukladno promjenama temperature okolnoga zraka i dubine rijeke, a kretala se od 5,1 do 6,3 ºC. pH–vrijednost bila je između 7,77 i 8,14, a koncentracija otopljenog kisika (mgO2 /L) na šest lokaliteta bila je između 8,6 i 14,9 mg/L. U kvalitativnom sastavu mikrofitobentosa utvrđeno je 87 vrsta mikrofita koji su pripadali sistematskim skupinama: Bacteriophyta, Cyanobacteria i Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae i Xanthophyceae). Najbrojnija su skupina bile dijatomeje ili Bacillariophyceae (76 vrsta ili 88,3 %), s dominantnim vrstama rodova Achnanthes, Cocconeis, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzschia i Surirella. Relativno malim brojem vrsta bila je zastupljena skupina Cyanobacteria (9 vrsta ili 10 %), a prevladavale su nitaste alge roda Phormidium. Od ukupnoga broja utvrđenih vrsta u mikrofitobentosu, 73 vrste ili 84 % bile su pokazatelji saprobnosti. Najviše je bilo beta–mezosaprobnih indikatora. Na osnovi indikatorskih vrijednosti nađenih vrsta u mikrofitobentosu na šest lokaliteta, P–B indeks saprobnosti kretao se od 1,8 do 2,0. Ove vrijednosti upućuju na kakvoću vode II. vrste na istraživanom dijelu rijeke Sutle.The Sutla river is a river along Croatian/Slovenian border. Its length is about 91 km, out of which 89 km in Croatia. Microphytobenthos investigations have been performed at six locations along the Sutla river on Croatian territory. Samples were collected from specific areas of characteristic habitats. Beside sample collection, basic physico–chemical parameters were measured: water temperature, pH values and quantity of water dissolved oxygen. Water temperature changed depending on air temperature and the depth of the river, ranging from 5.1ºC to 6.3ºC. pH values were between 7.77 and 8.14, and dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg/L O2) at the six locations ranged between 8.6 mg/L and 14.9 mg/L. Quantitative microphytobenthos composition comprised 87 microphythic species belonging to the systematic groups of Bacteriophyta, Cyanobacteria and Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae and Xanthophyceae). The most numerous group were the diatoms or Bacillariophyceae (76 species or 88.3%), with dominance of the species of the genera Achnanthes, Cocconeis, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzschia and Surirella. The group Cyanobacteria was represented with relatively small number of species (9 species or 10%), with the dominance of filamentous algae belonging to the genus Phormidium. From the total number of the determined microphytobenthic species, 73 species or 84% were indicators of saprobity. Most of them were beta–mezosaprobic indicators. Based on the indicator values of determined microphytobenthic species at six investigated locations, P–B saprobity index was in the range from 1.8 to 2.0. These values suggested that the water at the investigated part of the Sutla river belonged to the second class of Croatian Water Quality Directive

GENOTYPING OF ISOLATED VIRUSES FROM RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) IN CROATIA

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are important pathogens in rainbow trout aquaculture. Detection of these viruses in Croatia initiated investigation of their genetic relatedness to the worldwide IHNV and IPNV isolates. For this purpose, determination of nucleotide sequences of G and NV genes for IHNV and VP2/NS region for IPNV was performed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Croatian IHNV isolate was clustering within European clade most closely related to the North American M genogroup. Croatian IPNV isolate appeared in the cluster of genogroup III, together with French, English, Danish and Norwegian isolates. These results are important for further epidemiological studies of IHNV and IPNV outbreaks in Croatia