Law Without Lawyers: Access to Civil Justice and the Cost of Legal Services

The high cost of legal services presents a significant access-to-justice problem. In this Article, I argue that this problem is actually two distinct problems—one affecting primarily low- and moderate income persons, and one affecting primarily deep-pocketed corporate defendants. Because the problems are different, they are probably not amenable to a single solution. Most significantly, the Article applies Baumol’s “cost disease” to the rising cost of legal services, thus placing the debate over rising legal costs in a wider economic contex

Law Without Lawyers: Access to Civil Justice and the Cost of Legal Services

The high cost of legal services presents a significant access-to-justice problem. In this Article, I argue that this problem is actually two distinct problems—one affecting primarily low- and moderate income persons, and one affecting primarily deep-pocketed corporate defendants. Because the problems are different, they are probably not amenable to a single solution. Most significantly, the Article applies Baumol’s “cost disease” to the rising cost of legal services, thus placing the debate over rising legal costs in a wider economic contex

THE EFFECT OF CMV INFECTION ON PROGRESSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS DISEASE IN A COHORT OF HEMOPHILIC MEN FOLLOWED FOR UP TO 13 YEARS FROM SEROCONVERSION

The effect of prior infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on progression of HIV disease in a cohort of 111 men with haemophilia was studied after 13 years followup. The relative hazards associated with CMV positivity on progression to AIDS, death and a CD4 count of 0.05 x 10(9)/l were 2.28, 2.42 and 2.34, respectively. CMV seropositive patients were significantly older than the seronegative and this was controlled for by using a Cox proportional hazards model. The relative hazards for the three endpoints decreased to 1.89, 1.82 and 1.93 respectively and were marginally non-significant (P = 0.05, 0.08 and 0.08 for the three endpoints respectively). We conclude that this cohort continues to show evidence of a 'co-factor' effect associated with prior infection with CMV which is confounded by age but not completely explained by age differences. The potential biological significance of these results is discussed in the context of recent controlled clinical trials which show a survival benefit from long-term high-dose acyclovir, a drug with activity in vivo against CMV and other herpesviruses

Evolution of Magnetic and Superconducting Fluctuations with Doping of High-Tc Superconductors (An electronic Raman scattering study)

For YBa_2Cu_3O_{6+\delta} and Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 superconductors, electronic Raman scattering from high- and low-energy excitations has been studied in relation to the hole doping level, temperature, and energy of the incident photons. For underdoped superconductors, it is concluded that short range antiferromagnetic (AF) correlations persist with hole doping and doped single holes are incoherent in the AF environment. Above the superconducting (SC) transition temperature T_c the system exhibits a sharp Raman resonance of B_1g symmetry and about 75 meV energy and a pseudogap for electron-hole excitations below 75 meV, a manifestation of a partially coherent state forming from doped incoherent quasi-particles. The occupancy of the coherent state increases with cooling until phase ordering at T_c produces a global SC state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 EPS figures; SNS'97 Proceedings to appear in J. Phys. Chem. Solid

From Class Actions to Multidistrict Consolidations: Aggregate Mass-Tort Litigation After Ortiz

This is the published version