CRITICAL ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL LABOR MARKETS

Labor and Human Capital,

Agricultural Labor Markets and Immigration

Labor and Human Capital, J43, J61, J68,

THE HOURLY LABOR SUPPLY RESPONSE OF AGRICULTURAL WORKERS

Labor and Human Capital,

Labor Substitutability in Labor Intensive Agriculture and Technological Change in the Presence of Foreign Labor

The Morishima elasticity of substitution (MES) is estimated to address factor substitutability in Florida agriculture during 1960-1999. By adopting a profit maximization model of induced innovation theory, the MES's between hired and self-employed labor and the MES's between labor and capital provide implications for future immigration policies.Morhishima elasticity of substitution, induced innovation, biased technical change, Labor and Human Capital, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Q160, J430, O300,

Institutional and Socioeconomic Model of Farm Mechanization and Foreign Workers

Farm Management, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Labor and Human Capital,

LABOR SUBSTITUTABILITY IN LABOR INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE PRESENCE OF FOREIGN LABOR

The Morishima elasticity of substitution (MES) is estimated to address factor substitutability in Florida agriculture during 1960-1999. By adopting a profit maximization model of induced innovation theory, the MES's between hired and self-employed labor and the MES's between labor and capital provide implications for future immigration policies.Labor and Human Capital,

WAGE DIFFERENTIALS AND TRADE RELATIONSHIPS IN JAMAICA: APPLICATIONS OF TRUNCATED REGRESSION MODELS AND REPEATED CROSS-SECTION DATA

Labor and skill premiums and their relationships with trade measures are simultaneously estimated within the framework of an individual level labor supply model for Jamaica using truncated regression models. Increased imports from the US were found to reduce the return to unskilled labor, and increase the skill premium in Jamaica. Increased exports to the US had the opposite effects on returns to Jamaican skilled and unskilled labor.Labor and Human Capital,

INDUCED INNOVATIONS AND FOREIGN WORKERS IN U.S. AGRICULTURE

A cost function approach of induced innovation is used to measure the biases in U.S. agricultural technology between 1948-1994. The results show significant labor-saving, capital-using technical change. Focusing on the impact of migration policy on labor-saving technology, a simulation of different rates of labor-saving technical change is conducted. The simulation shows decreases in elasticity of labor demand and demand quantity, and an increase in wage rate as technology becomes more labor-saving.Labor and Human Capital,

Farm Mechanization and the Farm Labor Market: A Socioeconomic Model of Induced Innovation

Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital,

Institutional and Socioeconomic Model of Farm Mechanization and Foreign Workers

A multi-output cost function approach to induced innovation is adopted to analyze the impact of socioeconomic variables and institutional factors on technological change in agriculture. Focusing on the impact of immigration policy and farm mechanization, the study includes variables such as H-2A or guest workers, deportable Mexicans working in agriculture representing the percentage of unauthorized workers, the public and private research expenditures on farm mechanization and other research on agricultural technology. We found that over the 1971-1995 period, the technology was biased toward labor-saving technology, but was capital-neutral. The number of unauthorized workers had no significant effect on cost shares; the number of H-2A workers had a negative effect on the cost share of capital. Both had a positive effect on the revenue share of cereals. Public expenditures on mechanization have a significant impact on reducing the cost share of capital; however, private expenditures on machinery increase the cost share of capital. Using the Morishima elasticity of substitution, we found that labor was a substitute for capital when the price of capital changes, but when the price of labor changes, capital was not necessarily a substitute for labor.Labor and Human Capital,