Management of ovarian immature teratoma grade‐II in pregnancy, two cases report and literature review

Abstract Postoperative chemotherapy during pregnancy after first trimester is essential for patients with initial disease stage 1, grade 2 ovarian immature teratoma and it associates with lower disease progression and recurrence

A staghorn kidney stone or extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the kidney? A case report and literature review

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a very rare entity among renal malignancies. There are few reports of renal ESOS in the database. Renal ESOS was found to have a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis. In most reports, the overall survival of patients was less than 1 year. We present a 51-year-old man who presented with gross hematuria and a clinical diagnosis of a staghorn stone in the left kidney. He underwent radical nephrectomy. The pathologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma was evident

Predictive Value of Endoscopic Observations and Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Assessing the Pathologic Complete Response of Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

INTRODUCTION: No standard method has been defined to evaluate the therapeutic response of esophageal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This study aimed to determine the predictive value of endoscopic evaluation and biopsy after CRT in predicting the complete pathological response to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHOD: This prospective, descriptive study was conducted on patients with stage II and III esophageal SCC who could undergo esophagectomy. Patients underwent neoadjuvant CRT. Four to six weeks after the end of treatment, re-endoscopy was performed and a biopsy was taken in the presence of a tumor lesion. In the absence of a tumor lesion, the marked site of the esophagus was removed as a blind biopsy. Gastrologist observations during endoscopy and the result of the pathological examination of an endoscopic biopsy were recorded. The patient underwent esophagectomy. The pathology obtained from endoscopic biopsy was compared with the pathology response obtained from esophagectomy. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were included in the study, of which 32 underwent esophagectomy. In an endoscopic examination after CRT, 28 patients had macroscopic tumor remnants and 4 patients did not. Pathological examination of the samples obtained from endoscopy showed no tumor remnants in 10 patients (31.3%), and in 22 patients (68.7%), living tumor remnants were seen in the biopsy specimen. Pathologic evaluation of the samples obtained by surgical resection showed that in 13 patients, there were no viable carcinomas in the esophagus or lymph nodes removed, and the rate of pathologic complete response was 40.6. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values of endoscopic observations were 94.7, 23, 64.2, and 75%, respectively. Preoperative biopsy sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 68.4, 30.7, 59, and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Considering the negative and positive predictive values of endoscopic observations and biopsy after neoadjuvant CRT, it seems that these two methods alone are not suitable for assessing the pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant treatment

Renal vein thrombosis due to metastatic germ cell tumor, report of a case with a very rare clinical scenario

Abstract Background Renal metastasis is a rare manifestation of germ cell tumors. Extension of malignant lesions into the renal vein can complicate the scenario. Case This report presents a 35‐year‐old man with primary stage IS NSGCT. Fourteen months after radical orchiectomy he presented with metastasis in the lung, kidney, and para‐aortic lymph nodes. He received multiple lines of salvage treatments including chemotherapy and surgery. Intraoperative exploration during radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy revealed intra‐renal vein involvement with a prominent teratomatous component. Conclusion Defining the exact extent of malignant lesions, especially endovascular lesions, is very important to clarify how advanced the malignant lesions are. The surgeons must be aware of the risk factors that predict vascular involvement, and therefore, providing intraoperative access to vascular surgery procedures when needed