Use of Carica Papaya Enzymes for Enhancement of H2 Production and Degradation of Glucose, Protein, and Lipids

AbstractAnaerobic batch experimentswere carried out to examine the effect of supplementation of mixed culture bacteria with Carica papayaas enzymes for enhancement of hydrogen yield from degradation of glucose, protein, and lipids. The results showed that hydrogen yield (HY) based on protein and lipids degradation increased from 52.2 ± 7.5 to 130.6 ± 8.5ml/gprotein, and from 43.0 ± 5.3 to 64.8 ± 3.1ml/glipid respectively with addition of Carica papayaas enzymes source. This corresponded to substrate degradation efficiency of 51.3 ± 4.4% for protein and 33.7 ± 2.6% for lipids. However, the hydrogen yield and degradation efficiency of glucose was slightly improved by addition of Carica papayaas enzymes

Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Operating Rooms Using PMV-PPD Model

Operating rooms (ORs) are the most critical and expensive sector of healthcare facilities. The air conditioning system is designed to provide a well-controlled indoor air quality (IAQ). This design guarantees a perfect infection control and a good thermal comfort of patient and operating staff.This paper aims to analyze and evaluate indoor thermal comfort at different cases to assign the proper inlet air temperature to the OR. The predicted mean vote (PMV) and the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) models in accordance with ISO 7730 were used for this study.Field measurements were first carried out in an OR at Kafr El-Sheikh educational hospital to get the thermal environment parameters. These parameters are required to determine the thermal comfort indices namely (PMV & PPD). Four different cases of supplied air temperature 17.5, 18.5, 19.5 and 20.5oC were studied and compared through 105 measuring points distributed in the operating room. The PMV and PPD indices were computed at each case for three groups of medical staff: surgeons (metabolic rate equal to 120 W/m2), nurses and surgeon\u27s assistants (100 W/m2), anesthetists (70 W/m2).The results revealed that inlet air temperature has a minor effect on the air velocities and airflow patterns inside the OR at the same air change rate. For the current ventilation system, it is difficult to create a very comfortable work conditions for all operating staff at the same time due to their different thermal requirements. It was concluded that a supplied air temperature of 18.5oC provides almost comfortable conditions for all surgical staff

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Reverse Osmosis Based Water Desalination

Freshwater availability has dropped due to population growth, inefficient use, climate change, and industrial pollution. Although the reverse osmosis, RO, system is one of the most effective desalination technologies worldwide, spiral wound membranes still need deeper theoretical and experimental investigations for removing salts under low energy consumption. In this study, the performance of a commercial pilot RO plant that utilizes a spiral wound seawater membrane module is experimentally investigated under a wide range of operating parameters. In addition, a Mathematical model is developed based on the solution-diffusion model theory and then solved using an in-house MATLAB algorithm to analyze its performance. The theoretical and experimental results were then compared. The present results revealed that the mathematical model’s predictions were highly consistent with the actual experimental results, achieving an average accuracy of about 98%. The average deviation was 4.0578% when predicting water productivity and just 0.2755% when estimating the salt rejection coefficient. The findings of this study could assist designers in predicting the membrane’s performance and selecting the most advantageous operational parameters for supplying water to the RO system

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Reverse Osmosis Based Water Desalination

Freshwater availability has dropped due to population growth, inefficient use, climate change, and industrial pollution. Although the reverse osmosis, RO, system is one of the most effective desalination technologies worldwide, spiral wound membranes still need deeper theoretical and experimental investigations for removing salts under low energy consumption. In this study, the performance of a commercial pilot RO plant that utilizes a spiral wound seawater membrane module is experimentally investigated under a wide range of operating parameters. In addition, a Mathematical model is developed based on the solution-diffusion model theory and then solved using an in-house MATLAB algorithm to analyze its performance. The theoretical and experimental results were then compared. The present results revealed that the mathematical model’s predictions were highly consistent with the actual experimental results, achieving an average accuracy of about 98%. The average deviation was 4.0578% when predicting water productivity and just 0.2755% when estimating the salt rejection coefficient. The findings of this study could assist designers in predicting the membrane’s performance and selecting the most advantageous operational parameters for supplying water to the RO system

Potentials of using mixed culture bacteria incorporated with sodium bicarbonate for hydrogen production from water hyacinth

International audienceThe aim of this study is to assess the potentials of using mixed culture bacteria incorporated with different concentrations of NaHCO3 for hydrogen production from water hyacinth (WH). The lowest hydrogen yield (HY) of 30.4 ± 1.9 mL/gTVS, H2 content (HC) of 19.5 ± 1.5% and hydrogenase enzyme (HE) activity of 0.06 ± 0.01 mgM.Breduced/min were registered for the cultures without supplementation of NaHCO3. The HY, HC, and HE activity were maximized at levels of 69.2 ± 4.3 mL/gTVS 58.4 ± 3.6% and 0.18 ± 0.01 mgM.Breduced/min. respectively for the anaerobes supplied with 3.0 g NaHCO3/L. Furthermore, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin destruction efficiencies were 37.2 ± 2.3, 30.0 ± 1.9 and 20.9 ± 1.3% respectively due to the increase of cellulase and xylanase activities up to 2.73 ± 0.17 and 1.87 ± 0.12 U/mL, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of Firmicutes was substantially increased and accounted for 71% of the total OTU's. Microbes belonging to the order Clostridiales and OPB54 were particularly enriched in the medium supplemented with NaHCO3. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Development of integrated aquaculture : agriculture with brackish and salt water, Egypt

This report describes the development of an integrated saltwater aquaculture – agriculture farming system at Wadi El Natroun, Egypt. During the first two years of the project promising salt-tolerant plant species were identified, the methods for seed germination and growing of three salt-tolerant plant species with potential for human consumption and animal fodder were developed, and the culture of red tilapia in a so-called biofloc system with salt water was tested. Report number CDI-13-00