From Governess to Wife: How Women on the Fringe of Society Upset and Restore Victorian Homes

In middle-class Victorian homes, wives were responsible for the care of the home, the raising of children, and the maintenance and upward mobility of her family’s social standing. She was the heart of the home and her purity and commitment to the home would not only affect her family, but also society. Yet the women who were qualified according to societal standards were a small group, carefully chosen to maintain the standards of society. In the novels Bleak House and Jane Eyre, the authors push back against strict societal expectations. They ask the audience to consider if women should be qualified for this role based on their actions, not their social status. Utilizing the role of the governess, they support the importance of the angel in the home while subverting the belief that only women of a certain social standing are qualified to repair homes

Xylitol as a Phase Change Material: Exploring the Replacement of Erythritol by Xylitol As A Phase Change Material

To circumvent the cost and environmental damage associated with batteries, phase change materials have been employed in solar cookpots to enable cooking in unfavorable weather conditions. Researchers at Cal Poly have traditionally employed the sugar alcohol erythritol as a PCM due to its high latent heat and a fusion point above the boiling point of water, but have discovered issues with the polyol’s degradation over extended periods of cycling. This paper explores the viability of erythritol’s sister-compound xylitol as a PCM in insulated solar-electric cookers, or ISECs. An ISEC was constructed with a xylitol PCM, and the data collected from thermocouples on the pot was analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed on pure and degraded samples of both erythritol and xylitol to determine the extent of degradation and the impact of supercooling on the release of latent heat. After a short period of cycling, the onset temperature of fusion of erythritol was shown to decrease by 10 ºC. Xylitol experimentally displayed a ΔHfus of 224 J/g, whereas erythritol was found to have a ΔHfus of 372.5 J/g, which are both in agreement with literature values. It is determined that xylitol’s supercooling properties and lower ΔHfus make it incapable of cooking foods that require boiling water, which is a significant drawback compared to its erythritol predecessor. Past literature on inducing recrystallization or introducing nucleation sites is discussed

Closing the Research Gap: Enhancing Cambodian Participation in Clinical Research

Obtaining proper sampling of a heterogeneous population remains a concern in research studies. Many studies have examined the low numbers of African-Americans recruited to clinical trials. Other studies have also focused on Latino-Hispanic disparity in research. However, there remains paucity in research involving Asian participation. This project aims to develop a nursing model of cultural immersion in the Cambodian community\u27s culture that will foster deeper understanding, acceptance, and trust. In so doing, a research-friendly milieu of collaboration by the Cambodian community and the research community will be established. Madeleine Leininger\u27s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality is the theoretical framework of the nursing model

Successful Tutoring Sessions, Successful Student Conferences

Many students come into their writing center appointments and student-teacher conferences with largely negative “writing baggage.” These students often have the expectation that these sessions will be what they were like in high school—the teacher marks what they have done wrong and though there may be positive things said, the students often remember the negative. So how can tutors and teachers create a new environment to help students feel comfortable with their writing while still teaching? This paper explores two potential solutions: beginning sessions and determining a session’s agenda. Through treating students like they matter and letting them help determine an agenda in a session, we can push back against negative writing experiences and create a productive space for students to talk about their writing

Merry Christ:mas..!

I wish I could make clever Christmas cards to send to people, wistfully yearned Mary. How on earth does Jane do it

Tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine Oxide: A Chiral Three-Dimensional Material with Nonlinear Optical Properties

The achiral C_(3v) organic phosphine tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine oxide (1) crystallizes in the unusual chiral hexagonal space group P6_3. The structure is highly ordered because each phosphine oxide moiety forms three hydrogen bonds with adjacent hydroxy groups from three different molecules. The properties of the crystals and the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions were investigated using single crystal Raman spectroscopy. The crystals show nonlinear optical properties and are capable of efficient second harmonic generation

Improving Soil Primary Productivity Conditions with Minimum Energy Input in the Mediterranean

A collective well-succeed enterprise for good agriculture worldwide is possible through the synergetic effects of a series of favourable factors, among them, basically that associated to an adequate management of agricultural practices, improvement in soil tillage technologies, soil protection and conservation measures, animal and plant-breeding programs, genetic engineering and plant fertilization, all practices directed to augment the potential net production and productivity of the best biological varieties or cultivars available. A modern, intensive agricultural production system requires high levels of energy inputs, as compared to a traditional system. One should, for instance, just compare these two different production systems in terms of their global efficiency, but the IPS brought some negative environmental impacts, now diagnosed worldwide. In the Mediterranean areas the seasonal distribution of precipitation is harmful to plant (crop) dry matter (DM) production which can be increased by adequately combining a good management of all input factors with a special care to natural resources protection, namely soil and water conservation. In this work two fertile soils were managed under two alternative (TS = traditional mechanized system and DS = direct-seeding system) production systems during a ten-year period and their physical and chemical characteristics were compared in terms of agro-physical optimization to produce DM. The parameters that have been evaluated were: soil profile evolution texture and coarse elements, bulk density and soil resistance to the penetrometer, consistency limits; aggregates stability, organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen (N) contents and C/N ratio, cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and associated parameters, pores connectivity and soil-water retention curve. From an agronomic perspective the DM production has been also estimated in order to evaluate the ecological sustainability of eventual improvements in soil-water conservation were justified by the alternative system. Results enable to conclude that, inter alia, the alternative system under the perspective of the “Conservation Agriculture Paradigm” (Dumanski, R. et al., 2006) revealed to be prone to conserve more soil and water resources with interesting marginal gain in water and so in DM production. These results are well in the scope of the international concerns on adopting improved common policies for food security and problems associated to water scarcity, worldwide

Adaptive clinical trials incorporating treatment selection and evaluation: methodology and application in progressive multiple sclerosis

In progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) irreversible disability often takes many years to accumulate as a result prolonged trials are required to assess the benefits of therapies. There is a need to understand the relationship between short-term outcome measures such as MRI endpoints and long-term clinical outcomes in progression to determine the evolution of the disease early on. Thus, the common phase I-II-III paradigm for clinical trial design with separate trials for each phase may not be appropriate