Combined training in addition to cortisol reduction can improve the mental health of girls with precocious puberty and obesity

BackgroundObesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) are associated with increased anxiety, depression, and anger in girls. The contribution of exercise as an efficacious component in decreasing anxiety, depression, and anger has been increasingly recognized.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training on cortisol, anxiety, depression, and anger in overweight and obese girls with CPP.MethodsThe study involved 30 girls aged 7–9 years diagnosed with CPP (undergoing triptorelin treatment) and dealing with obesity. In addition, these girls scored higher than the cut-off line for anxiety, depression, and anger. The participants were divided into two groups, with 15 individuals in each group. The exercise group engaged in 60 min of combined aerobic and resistance training three times per week for a duration of 12 weeks. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Throughout the study, the serum cortisol levels were measured in both groups. Anxiety, anger, and depression questionnaires were also completed at three different stages, namely, baseline, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks (after a 4-week period of detraining).ResultsIn the exercise group, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cortisol serum levels and anxiety, depression, and anger scores. These changes were observed consistently during detraining (P > 0.05). However, in the control group, only the depression score significantly decreased (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBased on the results, it can be concluded that combined training is a method to improve the mental health of CPP girls.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://en.irct.ir/trial/61990, identifier IRCT20170411033378N10

Ameliorative effects of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: role of leptin and ghrelin

Abstract This study was an attempt to examine the changes in serum levels of ghrelin and leptin after 12-weeks of aerobic training and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) treatment in girls with central precocious puberty. Thirty girls (6–8 years old) with precocious puberty who had received Triptorelin were randomly divided in two groups (medication and medication + training). Fifteen age-matched healthy girls (without precocious puberty) were also included as the control group. The medication + training group submitted an aerobic training program for 3 days/week with 20–75 min per day and 45–75% of maximum heart rate for 12-weeks. Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, cholesterol, triglycerides and body mass index (BMI) were determined at baseline and 48 h after the last training session. The results indicated that leptin significantly decreased (p = 0.001) and ghrelin significantly increased (p = 0.001) in the medication + training group but no significant difference was observed in the ghrelin (p = 1) and leptin (p = 0.78) in the medication group. Leptin to ghrelin ratio indicated a decrease in medicine + training group (p = 0.028). Ghrelin were negatively correlated with leptin and BMI. The data indicated that aerobic training increased ghrelin and reduced leptin and leptin to ghrelin ratio but GnRH agonist treatment had no effect on plasma leptin and ghrelin levels

Effect of Submaximal Endurance Training on Serum Concentration of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Attention Function in Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)

Abstract Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of substructural exercises on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and attention function in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Statistical population of this research included all elementary male students who in the early reviews, the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were diagnosed and referred for further study and treatment to the core of counseling and psychology of education in Sardar district in academic year 2016-2017. From the above community, 30 boys aged 7 to 12 years old were selected as the sample and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In order to recognize the attention deficit, the Conners' Parent's Questionnaire and clinical interview were used and to measure attention, Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and to measure the serum levels of BDNF, ESTOBIOPHARM kit were used. The experimental group subjects performed aerobic exercises with intensity 45-75% of maximal heart rate for 12 weeks in 36 sessions of training, 25-75 minutes, and data were analyzed using multivariate covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between control and experimental groups in serum levels of BDNF and continuous attention function (p<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, it can be concluded that endurance training increases the BDNF and thus improves attention in boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Investigating the air quality index in internal wards of Qazvin Bu-Ali Sina hospital (2015)

Background: Air quality and concentration of airborne particles in internal wards of hospital are considered as factors affecting the health of patients and medical staff. Objective: To determine the air quality and airborne particles concentrations in internal wards of Qazvin Bu-Ali Sina hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Qazvin Bu-Ali Sina hospital from September to December 2015. Sampling gathered twice a week with hand held real time instrument (micro-dust pro. model HP3275-05, Casella Co), using by airborne particles samplers probe with a diameter of less than 2.5 and less than 10 microns in the air flow 3.5 liters per minute for 10 minutes. Air Quality Index was measured with "Air Quality Index calculator" software and analysis of results was done using statistical paired-T and Pearson tests. Findings: The highest average concentration of 24-hour airborne particles with a diameter of 2.5 and 10 micrometer was 46.38 and 13.49 micrograms per cubic meter respectively in men hearts ward and the lowest was in the laboratory and eyes wards. There was a positive significant correlation between the concentration of suspended particles with size less than 2.5 micrometers in indoor and outdoor environment (r=0.93). Conclusion: The findings indicate poor ventilation and impact of outdoor air quality and internal emission sources on internal wards air quality. Facilitating the spread and transmission of infectious agents grounds for infection transmission outside the hospital, in addition to endangering the health of staff and prolonging period of patients’ hospitalization

Physical Hybrid of Nanographene/Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Agents of NR-Based Rubber Foam

Natural rubber (NR) foams reinforced by a physical hybrid of nanographene/carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a two-roll mill and compression molding process. The effects of nanographene (GNS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were investigated on the curing behavior, foam morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of the NR nanocomposite foams. Microscope investigations showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid fillers acted as nucleation agents and increased the cell density and decreased the cell size and wall thickness. Simultaneously, the cell size distribution became narrower, containing more uniform multiple closed-cell pores. The rheometric results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrids accelerated the curing process and decreased the scorch time from 6.81 to 5.08 min and the curing time from 14.3 to 11.12 min. Other results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid improved the foam’s curing behavior. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites at 5 wt.% and 50 wt.% weight loss increased from 407 °C to 414 °C and from 339 °C to 346 °C, respectively, and the residual ash increased from 5.7 wt.% to 12.23 wt.% with increasing hybrid nanofiller content. As the amount of the GNS/CNT hybrids increased in the rubber matrix, the modulus also increased, and the Tg increased slightly from −45.77 °C to −38.69 °C. The mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposite foams, including the hardness, resilience, and compression, were also improved by incorporating GNS/CNT hybrid fillers. Overall, the incorporation of the nano hybrid fillers elevated the desirable properties of the rubber foam