The Quark-Gluon Plasma Equation of State and The Generalized Uncertainty Principle

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) equation of state within a minimal length scenario or Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) is studied. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle is implemented on deriving the thermodynamics of ideal QGP at a vanishing chemical potential. We find a significant effect for the GUP term. The main features of QCD lattice results were quantitatively achieved in case of $n_{f}=0$, $n_{f}=2$ and $n_{f}=2+1$ flavors for the energy density, the pressure and the interaction measure. The exciting point is the large value of bag pressure especially in case of $n_{f}=2+1$ flavor which reflects the strong correlation between quarks in this bag which is already expected. One can notice that, the asymptotic behavior which is characterized by Stephan-Boltzmann limit would be satisfied.Comment: 9 Pages, 8 figure

Current Review of Medical Research in Developing Countries: A Case Study from Egypt

It is amazing to see how medical science has progressed. Medical research is now cross-national and cross-cultural, the relentless progress of globalization poses complex ethical questions for those wishing to do medical research in developing countries. In developing countries, poverty, endemic diseases, and a low level of investment in health care systems influence both the ease of performing and the selection of trials that can benefit the people of the countries. In this chapter, we present an overview of medical research situation in developing countries with critique of different clinical trials that was conducted in Egypt after review. Egypt has 41 universities and 94 health related medical schools. There are 24 faculties of medicine with up to 34 departments in each. Clinical research is an essential mandate for getting Master, Doctorate Degrees, and for promotion of faculty members. In Egypt, the Profession Ethics Regulations issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) No. 238/2003 was endorsed and maintained in Law 71/2009. Beside these regulations, more than 56 Institutional Review Board (IRB) have been registered. The Egyptian Network of Research Ethics Committees (ENREC) was created in 2008. Yet, in the absence of robust legislative constraints, there is no clear way to avoid violations. Our experience in Tanta Faculty of Medicine is also highlighted in this chapter

A Model-Scale Investigation for Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation in Sand

New, exciting opportunities for utilizing biological processes to modify the engineering properties of the soil (e.g. strength, stiffness, permeability) have recently emerged. Enabled by interdisciplinary research at the confluence of microbiology, geochemistry, and civil engineering, this new field has the potential to meet society's ever-expanding needs for innovative treatment processes that improve soil supporting new and existing infrastructure. Ureolytic bacteria are one of the most efficient organisms in producing amounts of carbonate that easily react with the free calcium ions available in the environment. Sporosarcina pasteurii, a robust microbial alkaline environment was used in this work for its high potential in the biocementation process that involves the biomediated calcite precipitation. This study presents the results of a model-scale laboratory investigation conducted on bio-cemented siliceous sand. Chemicals used in this study are commercially available in order investigate the viability of implementing this technique in the field at larger scales. To make it more practical, the microbial cells are directly used with neither sterilization nor utilization of a centrifuge process for the growth medium. Blocks of the bio-treated soil were excavated from the model and were tested to examine the strength and durability parameters of the improved soil. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and slake durability index significant increased upon biological treatment. However, due to the downwards permeation of the fluid due to gravity, samples obtained from the bottom and the center of the treated column gave larger UCS and slake durability indices than those obtained from the top and the sides of the column

Effect of installing columns from different solid waste materials on the soft clay bearing capacity

Soft clay deposits cause many problems due to low bearing capacity and high deformation. This paper presents the results of laboratory model tests for studying the improvement of soft clay-bearing capacity using two kinds of soil columns, the first is slag-cement dust columns and the second is bentonite column. Three columns from SCC (slag-cement dust columns) encased by Woven Geotextile are installed beneath a steel plate representing a footing. Four bentonite Columns (BC) encased with non-woven geotextile are installed around the steel plate at a distance of 1 B, where B is steel plate width. The research aims to assess the increase in the SCC length effect on clay-bearing capacity. A series of 4 experimental tests were performed. The results show that, the clay bearing capacity increased with the increase of column length because slag and bentonite can absorb the clay water content, leading to an increase clay shear strength. Floating columns gives better improvement than the end bearing columns. The slag partially replaced with cement dust is weak enough to transfer the total applied stress to a strong soil layer

Higher cytotoxic activities of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells from peripheral blood of early diagnosed lung cancer patients

Abstract Introduction Cytotoxic (CD8+) and natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in anti-tumor immunity. Dysfunction in these cells is considered as one of the extrinsic mechanisms for tumor relapse. Aim We aimed in this study to assess cytotoxic activities of CD8 + T and NK cells in the peripheral blood from lung cancer patients before and after induction of chemotherapy. Subjects and methods Healthy (n = 5) volunteers and lung cancer patients (n = 15:5 before, 5 during, and 5 after induction of chemotherapy) were recruited. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the numbers of CD8 + T cells, NK and CD56+T cells and their intracellular expression of granzyme B (GzB) in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and after 72 h of their culture in vitro and stimulation with 5 µg/ml Concanavalin A (Con A) and 50ng/ml IL-2). In addition, the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using luminex. Results After culture, significant increases in the number of GzB expressing cells gated on CD3+, CD4+, CD8 + and NKCD8 + T cells in the PBMCs from lung cancer patients before induction of chemotherapy as compared to control individuals as well as patients during and after induction of chemotherapy. Serum levels of IL-1 and CXCL8 in patients before induction of chemotherapy showed 37- and 40-fold increases, respectively, as compared to control individuals. Both GzB expression and cytokines levels in patients during and after chemotherapy were similar. Conclusion Polyclonal stimulation of PBMCs can restore the cytolytic activities of cytotoxic CD8 and NK cells from lung cancer patients even after chemotherapy

In-silico Analysis of Protein Receptors Contributing to SARS- COV-2 High Infectivity

SARS-CoV-2 attacked more than 120 million people and causing the death of more than two million worldwide. Because of the crucial role of ACE2 protein as an entry for SRS-COV2, we investigated the proteins sequence in seventy- three living species. Data analysis of protein sequences, ACE2 mRNA, expression analysis, and protein interaction for humans and other living species were obtained from databases. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA6. We found 95% or more similarity between the conserved protein domains between Homo sapiens and Felis catus, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, and Equus caballus. These species could be expressed the protein in their cell surface with the same properties as Homo sapiens. This leads to the idea of being an actual transmitter of the virus SARS-COV2, and maybe a possible reason for the spread of the virus when work or play with it, eating, cooking it, or transfer from one place to another. Expression analyses provide more explanations about organs in the body that expressed more genes like lung, heart, small intestine, and colon, which are affected more than other organs or tissues during infection or are supposed to be an infection transmitter when dealing with it in the animal after sacrifices or die. We concluded that the possibility of high SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via both zoonosis and reverse zoonosis is interesting and needs more research to develop a new strategy for dealing with this virus