Level truncation analysis of exact solutions in open string field theory

We evaluate vacuum energy density of Schnabl's solution using the level truncation calculation and the total action including interaction terms. The level truncated solution provides vacuum energy density expected both for tachyon vacuum and trivial pure gauge. We discuss the role of the phantom term to reproduce correct vacuum energy.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures,v2: 1 figure replace

The fluctuation spectra around a Gaussian classical solution of a tensor model and the general relativity

Tensor models can be interpreted as theory of dynamical fuzzy spaces. In this paper, I study numerically the fluctuation spectra around a Gaussian classical solution of a tensor model, which represents a fuzzy flat space in arbitrary dimensions. It is found that the momentum distribution of the low-lying low-momentum spectra is in agreement with that of the metric tensor modulo the general coordinate transformation in the general relativity at least in the dimensions studied numerically, i.e. one to four dimensions. This result suggests that the effective field theory around the solution is described in a similar manner as the general relativity.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figure

Rolling to the tachyon vacuum in string field theory

We argue that the rolling-tachyon solution in cubic OSFT proceeds at late times to precisely the analytic tachyon-vacuum solution constructed by Schnabl. In addition, we demonstrate the relationship between the rolling-tachyon solution and the standard BCFT description by showing that there is a finite gauge transformation which relates the two.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, References and comments adde

A retrospective single-centre study of dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for radiotherapy treatment

This retrospective, single-centre study aimed to establish the types and incidence of complications in dogs undergoing anaesthesia for radiotherapy and identify associated risk factors. A retrospective analysis of clinical records of dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for radiotherapy treatment at the University of Glasgow between January 2017 and January 2020 was performed. The anaesthetic protocol and incidence of complications were recorded. Complications were defined based on physiological parameters and comments on the clinical record. Factors potentially associated with the incidence of complications were identified using univariable logistic regression (p ≤ 0.1), and used to create a mixed multivariable regression model, with patient identity as a random effect. In the multivariable model p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Overall 129 dogs undergoing 131 courses of radiotherapy, totalling 1289 anaesthetic events, met the inclusion criteria. The final model included 1284 anaesthetic events, owing to missing data. Complications occurred in 1030 anaesthetic events (79.9%), with respiratory complications the most common (n = 467, 36.2%). In the multivariable model, increasing treatment number (Odds Ratio [OR 0.941], 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.907 - 0.976) and increasing age (OR 0.931, 95% CI 0.869 - 0.998) were associated with decreased odds of complications. Factors associated with increased odds of complications included intermittent positive pressure ventilation (OR 1.515, 95% CI 1.103 - 2.081), administration of intravenous fluid therapy (OR 2.909, 95% CI 1.083 - 7.810), and opioid premedication (OR 1.595, 95% CI 1.047 - 2.431). Entire females had reduced odds of complications compared to castrated males (OR 0.448, 95% CI 0.214 - 0.940). Anaesthetic complications occurred frequently in dogs undergoing radiotherapy. The clinical impact was difficult to determine in this retrospective single-centre study. The incidence decreased over the course of treatments and with increasing patient age. Further investigation of risk factors is warranted, ideally with a prospective multi-centre study. <br/

A retrospective single-centre study of dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for radiotherapy treatment

This retrospective, single-centre study aimed to establish the types andincidence of complications in dogs undergoing anaesthesia for radiotherapyand identify associated risk factors

The lowest modes around Gaussian solutions of tensor models and the general relativity

In the previous paper, the number distribution of the low-lying spectra around Gaussian solutions representing various dimensional fuzzy tori of a tensor model was numerically shown to be in accordance with the general relativity on tori. In this paper, I perform more detailed numerical analysis of the properties of the modes for two-dimensional fuzzy tori, and obtain conclusive evidences for the agreement. Under a proposed correspondence between the rank-three tensor in tensor models and the metric tensor in the general relativity, conclusive agreement is obtained between the profiles of the low-lying modes in a tensor model and the metric modes transverse to the general coordinate transformation. Moreover, the low-lying modes are shown to be well on a massless trajectory with quartic momentum dependence in the tensor model. This is in agreement with that the lowest momentum dependence of metric fluctuations in the general relativity will come from the R^2-term, since the R-term is topological in two dimensions. These evidences support the idea that the low-lying low-momentum dynamics around the Gaussian solutions of tensor models is described by the general relativity. I also propose a renormalization procedure for tensor models. A classical application of the procedure makes the patterns of the low-lying spectra drastically clearer, and suggests also the existence of massive trajectories.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures, Added references, minor corrections, a misleading figure replace

The shattered glass ceiling and a narrowing gender pay gap in NHS foundation trusts: Gender and salaries of chief executives

Female chief executive officers (CEOs) of NHS foundation trusts have increased from 37% in 2012/13 to 47% in 2017/18. This paper shows that, in the five-year period analysed, the gender pay gap (GPG) has narrowed to become insignificant. The paper suggests the improvement of female presence and the narrowing of the GPG go hand-in-hand, at least for these public sector top managers. It also provides indication that the GPG is multifaceted, women may sacrifice high salaries for future financial security. Women and men could also be negotiating salaries in a different way, signalling gender traits differences. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.IMPACT: For CEOs of NHS foundation trusts gender parity has been reached. In this context over a five-year period (2013–2018), salary differences between female and male CEOs have narrowed to an insignificant level. Results suggest that shattering the glass ceiling helps to reduce the GPG, and hence gender inequalities. However, the study also provides original insights into different components of the GPG: salary and pension benefits and the interplay of female risk aversion. Political leaders must take a wide perspective on pay when considering how to achieve their espoused aims of removing gender inequality