61 research outputs found
Moral reasoning and homosexuality: the acceptability of arguments about lesbian and gay issues
In the political arena, lesbian and gay issues have typically been contested on grounds of human rights, but with variable success. Using a moral developmental framework, the purpose of this study was to explore preferences for different types of moral arguments when thinking about moral dilemmas around lesbian and gay issues. The analysis presented here comprised data collected from 545 students at UK universities, who completed a questionnaire, part of which comprised a moral dilemma task. Findings of the study showed that respondents do not apply moral reasoning consistently, and do not (clearly) favour human rights reasoning when thinking about lesbian and gay issues. Respondents tended to favour reasoning supporting existing social structures and frameworks, therefore this study highlights the importance of structural change in effecting widespread attitude change in relation to lesbian and gay rights issues. The implications of the findings for moral education are also discussed.</p
What does it mean to be angry at yourself? Categories, appraisals, and the problem of language
10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.572Emotion64572-586EMOT
An S-Shaped Relationship Between Changes in Appraisals and Changes in Emotions
10.1037/a0017812Emotion96821-837EMOT
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Spatial scale of non-target effects of cotton insecticides
Plot size is of practical importance in any integrated pest management (IPM) study that has a field component. Such studies need to be conducted at a scale relevant to species dynamics because their abundance and distribution in plots might vary according to plot size. An adequate plot size is especially important for researchers, technology providers and regulatory agencies in understanding effects of various insect control technologies on non-target arthropods. Plots that are too small might fail to detect potential harmful effects of these technologies due to arthropod movement and redistribution among plots, or from untreated areas and outside sources. The Arizona cotton system is heavily dependent on technologies for arthropod control, thus we conducted a 2-year replicated field experiment to estimate the optimal plot size for non-target arthropod studies in our system. Experimental treatments consisted of three square plot sizes and three insecticides in a full factorial. We established three plot sizes that measured 144 m2, 324 m2 and 576 m2. For insecticide treatments, we established an untreated check, a positive control insecticide with known negative effects on the arthropod community and a selective insecticide. We investigated how plot size impacts the estimation of treatment effects relative to community structure (27 taxa), community diversity, individual abundance, effect sizes, biological control function of arthropod taxa with a wide range of mobility, including Collops spp., Orius tristicolor, Geocoris spp., Misumenops celer, Drapetis nr. divergens and Chrysoperla carnea s.l.. Square 144 m2 plots supported similar results for all parameters compared with larger plots, and are thus sufficiently large to measure insecticidal effects on non-target arthropods in cotton. Our results are applicable to cotton systems with related pests, predators or other fauna with similar dispersal characteristics. Moreover, these results also might be generalizable to other crop systems with similar fauna. © 2023 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.Public domain articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
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Transgenic cotton expressing Mpp51Aa2 does not adversely impact beneficial non-target hemiptera in the field
The modified Mpp51Aa2 (previously Cry51Aa2.834_16) insecticidal crystal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protects against feeding damage caused by targeted hemipteran and thysanopteran pests, and was transformed in cotton to produce the MON 88702 cotton event. As part of an ecological risk assessment, we evaluated the relative impact of MON 88702 on the abundance of predatory Hemiptera, compared to a conventional control. Field trials were established in 2018 at six sites within cotton production regions of the U.S. Specific arthropod populations in MON 88702 and its conventional control (DP393), grown under different insecticide regimes within a randomized complete block design, were assessed at each field site. Arthropod samples were collected 10 times, starting at early squaring and weekly thereafter, over the course of the season at each site, using vertical beat sheets, sweep nets and visual counts. Across the sites, no significant differences were detected in abundance of predatory Hemiptera (Orius spp., Geocoris spp., Nabis spp., and Zelus spp.) between unsprayed MON 88702 and the unsprayed conventional control. In contrast, a broad-spectrum insecticide treatment significantly reduced the abundance of these and other taxa. Consistent with laboratory studies, the lack of differences between unsprayed MON 88702 and the unsprayed control indicates that the cultivation of MON 88702 is unlikely to adversely impact the predatory function associated with these beneficial Hemiptera in the cotton agro ecosystem. © 2023 The AuthorsOpen access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
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