Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang manajemen sarana dan prasarana di lembaga pendidikan Islam. Wacana ini penting diuraikan sebab sistem pendidikan merupakan komponen yang saling terkait seperti kurikulum, materi, metode, pendidik, peserta didik, sarana, alat, pendekatan dan sebagainya. Selama ini pemahaman konsep integrasi dan interkoneksi antar sub sistem di atas masih kurang sehingga proses pembelajaran menjadi tidak maksimal. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan analisis-deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen sarana dan prasarana pendidikan adalah proses kerja sama pendayagunaan semua sarana dan prasarana pendidikan secara efektif. Tujuan pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah ini untuk memberikan layanan secara profesional agar proses pembelajaran bisa berlangsung secara efektif dan efisien. Proses manajemen sarana dan prasarana pendidikan islam meliputi (1) Perencanaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan Islam (2) Pengadaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan Islam (3) Inventarisasi sarana dan prasarana pendidikan Islam (4) Pengawasan dan pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan Islam (5) Pengahapusan sarana dan prasarana sekolah. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini adalah manajemen sarana dan prasarana di lembaga pendidikan Islam harus berorientasi kepada prinsip tepat waktu, tepat sasaran dan tepat guna

Micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in Cameroon: risk factors and effect of diabetic check-up - a monocentric observational study

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vascular complications among diabetes patients (DP), to find out the relationship with risk factors and to assess the effect of diabetic check-up (DC) in the onset of these complications. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of DP followed between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Those with at least one DC were selected (140 out of 538). Risk factors were checked and listed. Prospectively, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for 121 of them. Results: The sample was constituted of 78 (56%) men and 62 (44%) females; mean age was 55 ± 12 years. Type 2 Diabetes accounted for 94.3%. Microangiopathy distribution was: retinopathy = 23.6%, nephropathy = 25% and neuropathy = 40%. Within macroangiopathy prevalence was: 5% for stroke, 17.1% for limbs ischemic disease and 23.6% for coronary heart disease. Occurrence of complications was associated with hypertension, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, 24-hour proteinuria, body mass index and HbA1c. Diabetic neuropathy was neither associated to HbA1c nor microalbuminuria. HbA1c was conversely but not significantly associated with the number of DC realized. Conclusion: Vascular complications are considerably present in diabetes patients in the studied center, especially among those practicing less glycemic controls. Normalizing the level of HbA1c, controlling risk factors, and realizing DC may prevent the onset of vascular complications in DP.Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Microangiopathy, Macroangiopathy, HbA1c, Diabetic check-up, Cameroo

Severity of Visual Field Loss at First Presentation to Glaucoma Clinics in England and Tanzania

Purpose: To compare severity of visual field (VF) loss at first presentation in glaucoma clinics in England and Tanzania. Methods: Large archives of VF records from automated perimetry were used to retrospectively examine vision loss at first presentation in glaucoma clinics in Tanzania (N = 1,502) and England (N = 9,264). Mean deviation (MD) of the worse eye at the first hospital visit was used as an estimate of detectable VF loss severity. Results: In Tanzania, 44.7% {CI95%: 42.2, 47.2} of patients presented with severe VF loss (< −20 dB), versus 4.6% {4.1, 5.0} in England. If we consider late presentation to also include cases of advanced loss (-12.01 dB to -20 dB), then the proportion of patients presenting late was 58.1% {55.6, 60.6} and 14.0% {13.3, 14.7}, respectively. The proportion of late presentations was greater in Tanzania at all ages, but the difference was particularly pronounced among working-age adults, with 50.3% {46.9, 53.7} of 18–65-year-olds presenting with advanced or severe VF loss, versus 10.2% {9.3, 11.3} in England. In both countries, men were more likely to present late than women. Conclusions: Late presentation of glaucoma is a problem in England, and an even greater challenge in Tanzania. Possible solutions are discussed, including increased community eye-care, and a more proactive approach to case finding through the use of disruptive new technologies, such as low-cost, portable diagnostic aids

Eye malformations in Cameroonian children: a clinical survey

Andr&amp;eacute; Omgbwa Eball&amp;eacute;,1,2 Augustin Ellong,3 Godefroy Koki,3 Ngoune Chantal Nanfack,3 Viola Andin Dohvoma,3 C&amp;ocirc;me Ebana Mvogo2,31Yaound&amp;eacute; Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Yaound&amp;eacute;, Cameroon; 2Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon; 3Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound&amp;eacute; I, CameroonSummary: The aim of this work was to describe the clinical aspects of eye malformations observed at the ophthalmology unit of the Yaound&amp;eacute; Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital.Patients and methods: We carried out a retrospective study of all malformations of the eye and its adnexae observed among children aged 0&amp;ndash;5 years who were seen at the ophthalmology unit from January 2003 to December 2009.Results: Out of the 2254 children who were examined, 150 (6.65%) presented eye malformations. The mean age was 14.40 &amp;plusmn; 4 months. Eye malformations were diagnosed in 71.66% of cases during the first year of life. The most frequent malformations were congenital lacrimal duct obstruction (66.66%), congenital cataract (10.9%), congenital glaucoma (10.9%), microphthalmos (5.03%), and congenital ptosis (3.77%).Conclusion: Eye malformations among children can lead to visual impairment and are a cause for discomfort to children and parents. Therefore, systematic postnatal screening is recommended to enable early management.Keywords: malformations, ophthalmology, child, Cameroo

Secondary cataract: an epidemiologic and clinical survey at the Yaounde Gynaeco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital

Andr&amp;eacute; Omgbwa Eball&amp;eacute;1,3, Augustin Ellong2, Guy Patrick Ella2, Viola Andin Dohvoma2, Assumpta Lucienne Bella2, C&amp;ocirc;me Ebana Mvogo11Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon; 2Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound&amp;eacute; I, Yaound&amp;eacute;, Cameroon; 3Yaound&amp;eacute; Gynaeco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaound&amp;eacute;, CameroonObjective: To determine the incidence and risk factors of secondary cataract.Materials and methods: A retrospective study involving a review of medical records in the ophthalmology unit of the Yaound&amp;eacute; Gynaeco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital in Yaound&amp;eacute;, Cameroon, was carried out. All patients who had cataract surgery between January 2006 and September 2010 were included. Variables included age, sex, past medical history, morphology of primary cataract, type of surgery, intraocular lens implantation, site of implantation, intra- and postoperative complications, and the time lapse for the presentation of secondary cataract. Both univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out. The X2 test was used to compare proportions, and P-values &amp;lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 864 eyes of 718 patients had cataract surgery. Ninety-two eyes developed posterior capsule opacification, giving an incidence of 10.65%. The mean age of patients who developed secondary cataract was 52.3 &amp;plusmn; 23.05 years, with a range of 4 years to 84 years. Secondary cataract was more frequent in the age group of 0&amp;ndash;20 years. The time lapse for presentation of secondary cataract was 64.7 &amp;plusmn; 9.53 days, with a range of 1 to 504 days. Risk factors for the development of secondary cataract were age (P = 0.000), sex (P = 0.011), cortical cataract (P = 0.000), and postoperative inflammation (P = 0.000).Conclusion: The incidence of secondary cataract, though high in this study, is lower than that reported in other studies.Keywords: cataract, secondary cataract, incidence, Cameroo