38,668 research outputs found
Measuring Supernova Neutrino Temperatures using Lead Perchlorate
Neutrino interactions with lead produce neutrons in numbers that depend on
neutrino energy and type. A detector based on lead perchlorate, for example,
would be able to measure the energy deposited by electrons and gammas in
coincidence with the number of neutrons produced. Sorting the electron energy
spectra by the number of coincident neutrons permits the identification of the
neutrino type that induced the reaction. This separation allows an analysis
which can determine the temperatures of electron neutrinos and electron
anti-neutrinos from a supernova in one experiment. The neutrino reaction
signatures of lead perchlorate and the fundamentals of using this material as a
neutrino detector are described.Comment: minor changes, reference updat
A guide to the interpretation of sea trout scales
The overall purpose of this guide is to provide a manual
for the collection and interpretation of sea trout scales. A
brief introduction considers the advantages and
disadvantages of using scales to determine age and growth.
To ensure that scales are interpreted in a consistent
manner, all major terms are defined and a standard system
for age notation is proposed. The methodology for the
collection, mounting and interpretation of scales is
described in detail, and this is followed by a section on the back-calculation of lengths at different ages. Each topic is discussed critically. The final part of this guide is an atlas illustrating scales from a wide range of sea trout and including not only excellent "type-scales" but also difficult and impossible scales
Outcomes Assessment and Health Care Reform
Argues for the use of outcomes assessment in measuring cost-effectiveness and quality to capture the overall impact of multi-dimensional treatment strategies and to identify healthcare systems that both adopt appropriate technologies and perform well
Particle trapping and banding in rapid solidification
Solidification of suspensions of small particles, from nanometer to colloidal (sub-micrometer) sizes, produces biomimetic materials with novel microstructure and expanding applications in microfluidics, nanotechnology and tissue engineering. To facilitate understanding and control of the solidification process, a thermodynamically consistent theory is here developed. We use the Boltzmann particle velocity distribution to determine the probability a particle is engulfed by an advancing solid-liquid interface and obtain the resulting kinetic phase diagram. We demonstrate use of the theory by predicting the formation of bands in rapidly solidified alumina suspensions, in quantitative agreement with experiment
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