Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel in Terms of Production, Emission, Combustion Characteristics for Industrial Burners: a Review

This review summaries several studies on the emission and performance characteristics of biodiesel, as well as the various proportions of diesel blended with biodiesel, in an oil burner in terms of the specific fuel type that can be used, types of emissions such as NOx, CO, soot, and CO2, and other operating conditions that can be used to improve the performance of the biodiesel burner system. A brief description of the production of biodiesel, as well as its physical and chemical properties, is presented at the outset. Biodiesel has emerged as the most promising replacement diesel fuel. Because of its renewable origin, the availability of current production technology, biodegradability, high combustion efficiency, the potential for sustainability, economic viability, environmental friendliness, and chemical and physical qualities identical to regular diesel oil. The experimental setup used in various investigations and their results related to performance and emissions with respect to biodiesel and different mixing ratios of it with diesel, as well as methods for maximizing the benefit of it in the combustion applications of industrial burners, have been presented in brief to a large number of studies. The emission and performance characteristics of a biodiesel burner system demonstrated unequivocally that biodiesel fuel may be a viable renewable alternative energy source for a burner system

Nanoparticles Additives for Diesel/Biodiesel Fuel Blends as a Performance and Emissions Enhancer in the Applications of Direct Injection Diesel Engines: A comparative Review

Nanomaterials (NMs) like copper oxides, titanium oxides, and aluminum oxides have been developing into some of the most promising fuel additives for diesel engines in recent years. in order to create a practical nano fuel. A significant amount of laboratory testing has been conducted up to this point to investigate the impact of using nano fuels on several aspects of diesel engine characteristics, particularly on hazardous emissions and engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, effective power, brake thermal efficiency). This study provides an overview of the findings so far and the current situation regarding the use of nano fuels in diesel engines. Additionally, among the group of the most tested fuel additive nanoparticles, the best NMs/base fuel combinations are found based on two criteria that either involve all diesel engine parameters or simply diesel emissions. There are numerous techniques for improving engine performance. Nanoparticles can be used as catalysts in chemical reactions and feedstock pretreatment processes to produce biofuels. According to the overall findings, adding nanoparticles significantly reduced the amount of fuel used for brakes by 20% to 23% when compared to biodiesel-diesel blends with and without the addition of alcohol. In addition to improving the combustion process and boosting the brake power by 2.5% to 4%, nanoparticles have a high thermal conductivity. Emission data revealed that while HC, CO, and PM emissions all dramatically decreased in most reviews, NO emissions increased by up to 55%

Experimental Investigation of the Biodiesel Direct Injection and Diesel Fuel as Premixed Charge on CI-Engine Emissions, Performance, and Combustion Characteristics

This study aims to investigate the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel blend (B30D70) in CDC mode and the use of different premixing ratios of diesel vapor (15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) through manifold injection at a manifold premixed temperature of 110 ⁰C in PCCI mode when using biodiesel blend (B30D70) as the main fuel and diesel as the premixed fuel. The experiments were carried out on 4-stroke, single-cylinder, air cooled, DI diesel engine which was modified to run in PCCI mode with adding a fuel vaporizer to create the external homogeneous mixture. The engine combustion parameters, performance, and emissions characteristics were fully discussed, and the results were compared with these of CDC mode fueled by diesel. The obtained results for the use of B30D70 fuel indicates a certain decrement for exhaust gas temperature, HC, and CO emissions, but with a penalty in brake thermal efficiency, NOx, and smoke opacity. The experiments revealed that the best results were indicated for 20% diesel vapor in PCCI mode as CO, HC, NOx, and EGT reduced by 34.62%, 43.75%, 2.65% and 8.53% respectively and almost has the same BTE compared to CDC mode fueled by diesel. While increasing PR to 25% and 30% decrease the volumetric efficiency leads to rich mixture and deterioration of combustion and increase CO, HC and smoke emissions

Computational fluid dynamics study on a solar chimney with different ground materials

The problem of energy source depletion with the restricted regulation about the emissions make the need for another alternative sours of energy is a worldwide demands. The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is an optimistic solar energy technology that produces electrical power. In this paper, a 2D analytical study is offered to evaluate the working of the SCPPs’ performance with the varying ground material. Sand, concrete, asphalt, and saturated sand will be used as absorber materials in this study. The Numerical model was done with the realizable k-ɛ turbulence model and the discrete ordinates (DO) solar load model. The model\u27s chimney diameter is 200 mm, collector diameter is 3000 mm, and chimney height is 3500 mm. The model\u27s collector height is 70 mm. It gave the magnitude velocity contour, moving air temperature, pressure, and turbulence characteristics for each unique case. Based on the highest air velocity value inside the SCPP and the resulting power output, the optimal material is chosen

Utilization of Ammonia Hydroxide /Diesel Fuel Blends in Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PPCCI) Engine: A Technical Review

Almost 50% of new car registrations in Europe at the turn of the century were diesel. However, reports of harmful NOx emissions have been corroborated by diesel emissions scandals, which have sent the diesel engine market into a tailspin and raised concerns about the diesel engine\u27s long-term viability. Developing of diesel cars with low NOx emissions has been announced by major automakers. Modern posttreatment systems can be installed, and they will result in decreased NOx emissions for heavy-duty, marine, or power production applications. Despite attempts to lower NOx emissions, the automobile, marine, and power generation industries must decarbonize if we are to reach greenhouse gas emission objectives and prevent global warming. Using fuels with low carbon, like ammonia, can help decarbonize a diesel engine. Using ammonia as a fuel for diesel engines is discussed at length in this work. To drastically lower carbon emissions, Ammonia could be burned when mixed with diesel or another low-temperature fuel in a dual-fuel system. Creating advanced injection technologies can improve overall emissions while also improving performance. However, due to the coupling of nitrogen to the fuel, dual fuel combustion of ammonia currently has relatively large emissions of ammonia and nitrogen oxides. As a result, post-processing mechanisms need to be put in place. With the introduction of modern combustion systems like HCCI, PCCI, and RCCI systems, ammonia is currently only a practical alternative in specific applications including maritime, power generating, and maybe heavy duty

Impact of Utilizing a Diesel/Ammonia Hydroxide Dual Fuel on Diesel Engines Performance and Emissions Characteristics

The problem of global warming and environmentally polluting emissions has become the call of the times. To solve this problem, the trend to change or share new types of fuel has become a new way to solve this problem. One of the most promising types of fuel in the future is ammonia, as it is a carbon-free fuel, unlike traditional fossil fuels. Because of the danger of using ammonia as a gas, it was safer to use ammonia as a liquid. In this study, ammonia hydroxide was used as a proportion with diesel fuel in a PCCI diesel engine. The diesel engine is a single-cylinder, four-stroke engine. Ammonia hydroxide fuel with a ratio of 33% ammonia-water by volume was used with diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out with ammonia hydroxide ratios of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, respectively. The results of emissions, thermal efficiency (BTE), fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust temperatures were compared. It was concluded that using ammonia hydroxide ratios to diesel led to an increase in thermal efficiency by 23.5% compared to diesel only by 20.5%, and fuel consumption was also reduced. 391.083g/Kw.h compared to diesel is only 455.56 g/Kw.h. As a result of the presence of ammonia hydroxide, exhaust temperatures are lower than when using diesel only. Therefore, this study discusses with practical experience the effect of using ammonia hydroxide with diesel on the performance and efficiency of the engine and fuel emissions characteristics

Impact of Utilizing a Diesel/Ammonia Hydroxide Dual Fuel on Diesel Engines Performance and Emissions Characteristics

The problem of global warming and environmentally polluting emissions has become the call of the times. To solve this problem, the trend to change or share new types of fuel has become a new way to solve this problem. One of the most promising types of fuel in the future is ammonia, as it is a carbon-free fuel, unlike traditional fossil fuels. Because of the danger of using ammonia as a gas, it was safer to use ammonia as a liquid. In this study, ammonia hydroxide was used as a proportion with diesel fuel in a PCCI diesel engine. The diesel engine is a single-cylinder, four-stroke engine. Ammonia hydroxide fuel with a ratio of 33% ammonia-water by volume was used with diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out with ammonia hydroxide ratios of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, respectively. The results of emissions, thermal efficiency (BTE), fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust temperatures were compared. It was concluded that using ammonia hydroxide ratios to diesel led to an increase in thermal efficiency by 23.5% compared to diesel only by 20.5%, and fuel consumption was also reduced. 391.083g/Kw.h compared to diesel is only 455.56 g/Kw.h. As a result of the presence of ammonia hydroxide, exhaust temperatures are lower than when using diesel only. Therefore, this study discusses with practical experience the effect of using ammonia hydroxide with diesel on the performance and efficiency of the engine and fuel emissions characteristics

A technical survey on using oxyhydrogen with biodiesel/diesel blend for homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

Renewable energy should be used instead of fossil fuels owing to the negative impact of fossil fuels on both humans and the environment, as well as the toxic emissions of carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide. Studies investigated the consideration of using alternative fuel that is renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly, especially because of the huge demand for energy, the decline, and the environmental initiatives to decrease the usage of petroleum sources. The addition of oxyhydrogen [HHO] to biodiesel and diesel blends can enhance characteristics; however, there is a concern about raising nitrogen oxide levels, which can have negative impacts on human lives and the environment, contributing to the increase of chronic respiratory conditions, acid rain occurrences, and global warming. Hence, it has been proposed that these issues can potentially be resolved by employing a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled by a mixture of oxyhydrogen gas and biodiesel/diesel fuel to reduce nitrogen oxide until it is negligible. Recent research efforts have discussed the combination of oxyhydrogen gas with biodiesel and diesel blends in an HCCI engine. These studies were performed to obtain the characteristics that result in an improvement in the values of performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency [BTE], brake specific fuel consumption [BSFC], exhaust gas temperature [EGT or Texh.], and volumetric efficiency [ηvol.]. Furthermore, combustion parameters that include peak cylinder pressure [PCP], heat release rate [HRR], mean gas temperature [MGT], ignition delay [ID], and combustion duration [CD] were observed. In addition, exhaust emissions parameters such as nitrogen oxide [NOx], carbon monoxide [CO], unburned hydrocarbon [UHC or HC], carbon dioxide [CO2], exhaust oxygen [EO] or oxygen rate [O2], and smoke opacity [soot] were measured

An overview of the Effect of using HHO on Spark ignition and direct injection engines combustion, performances, and emissions characteristics

Abstract: One of the major issues, the energy crisis, makes the globe dangerous and violent [1]. Every day, there is an increase in energy demand. Resources of energy are running out swiftly, and all indicators point to their impending demise. In such cases, renewable energy sources must be given more consideration. The widespread use of fossil fuels renders them unsustainable because they increase CO2 levels and emit greenhouse gases that harm the environment [2]. With several trials of usage of HHO gas or compressed natural gas as a fuel performance improver on both internal combustion engines powered by gasoline or diesel up until this point, many advancements have been made in this field[3]. This paper comprises a survey of the numerous advancements that have occurred in this area. There was a net lead to an amplified in brake power from 2.1% to 5.8% and an increase in brake thermal efficiency from 10.27% to 35% with the addition of HHO gas. The usage of traditional fuels decreased by 20% to 30%, and HC and CO exhaust emissions decreased by an average of 14% and 18%, respectivel

Effect of CuO Nanoparticles on Performance and Emissions Behaviors of CI Engine Fueled with Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends

Recently the world has a very important need for replacement fossil fuel with renewable sources of energy. Greenhouse effect is considered one of bad effects of fossil fuels. In this study diesel fuel will be replaced with blends of diesel and biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil(WCO) is created using a catalytic transesterification reaction (CTR). With the addition of a low concentration of alcohol over the period of an hour at a reaction temperature of 65 °C, (CTR) converts (WCO) to methyl esters. Blends consisting of (40 % diesel, 60 % biodiesel and CuO nano- martial with different concentration) will be prepared for fueling direct injection engine four-stroke. The engine will be run at 1400 rpm with natural aspiration under various loads. Using blends of (pure diesel, B40 [consist of 60 % biodiesel and 40 % diesel], 50b40 [consist of 60 % biodiesel, 40 % diesel and 50 mg CuO],100B40 [consist of 60 % biodiesel, 40 % diesel and 100 mg CuO], 150 [consist of 60 % biodiesel, 40 % diesel and 150 mg CuO] and pure diesel). On engine performance and emissions, the impact of using copper oxide has been studied. The results of the experiment demonstrate that diesel engines can run on various mixtures of fuel, biodiesel, and CuO nano-material under the same operating conditions. The obtained data indicates that a 10% increase in brake thermal efficiency was noted, decrease in exhaust temperature with 11.6 % and decrease in brake specific fuel consumption with 6.66