Pan-European study of genotypes and phenotypes in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta reveals how adaptation, demography, and development shape diversity patterns

We study natural DNA polymorphisms and associated phenotypes in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta. We observed strong genetic differentiation among several ancestry groups and broader distribution of Iberian relict strains in European C. hirsuta compared to Arabidopsis. We found synchronization between vegetative and reproductive development and a pervasive role for heterochronic pathways in shaping C. hirsuta natural variation. A single, fast-cycling ChFRIGIDA allele evolved adaptively allowing range expansion from glacial refugia, unlike Arabidopsis where multiple FRIGIDA haplotypes were involved. The Azores islands, where Arabidopsis is scarce, are a hotspot for C. hirsuta diversity. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the heterochronic SPL9 transcription factor as a determinant of an Azorean morphotype. This QTL shows evidence for positive selection, and its distribution mirrors a climate gradient that broadly shaped the Azorean flora. Overall, we establish a framework to explore how the interplay of adaptation, demography, and development shaped diversity patterns of 2 related plant species

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 1 of 4)

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 1 of 4)

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 2 of 4)

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 3 of 4)

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 2 of 4)

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

BATCH: War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (DVD 3-4 of 4)

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 4 of 4(

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William

War crimes research symposium: the role of justice in building peace (Tape 4 of 4(

Lecture series 2002-2003 Symposium presented at the Franklin Thomas Backus School of Law, Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, on February 28, 2003, examining the role of international justice ...in the peace-building efforts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone --program brochure Speakers and panelists: Jerry Fowler, David Freudberg, Roy Gutman, Henry King, Neil Kritz, Bruce MacKay, Madeline Morris, Major General (Ret.) William Nash, Elizabeth Neuffer, Lt. Col. Michael Newton, James O\u27Brien, Esq., Mary Ellen C\u27Connell, Leila Nadya Sadat, David Scheffer, Hon. Abraham Sofaer, Elizabeth Sullivan, Paul William