Library Services: A Panacea for Community Development in Ogun State, Nigeria.

This research was carried with the sole aim of finding out how to improve the economic status of the rural dwellers in Ogun State, Nigeria. It is based on empirical evidence to elucidate the role of the public library in the development of the rural sector of the society. The descriptive study sampled 300 male and female rural dwellers through the use of questionnaire and focus group discussion as instruments of data collection. The focus group discussion was specifically chosen in a bid to have an interactive session with the respondents so as to gain information not captured in the questionnaire. The findings revealed that the respondents need information about their different areas of occupation, employment opportunities, Welfare and Family matters, information is needed on laws that affect the rural dwellers. This shows that there is need for the services of public libraries to the rural communities

AUDIO-VISUAL RESOURCES IN LIBRARY: AN ENHANCING TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NSUKKA L.G.A

Instructional material has always been an inevitable tool for effective teaching and learning especially at primary school level. This study investigated availability, relevance and factors impeding adequate use of audio visual resources in teaching and learning in primary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. The study adopted a survey design. The target population of the study was 6,050 derived from one hundred and eighteen (118) public primary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area. Six hundred and five (605) primary school pupils were sampled out of the population using proportionate random sampling technique. Observation check list and questionnaire were used for data collection. Out of the six hundred and five (605) copies of questionnaire distributed to the respondents, a response rate of 95% was retrieved in a usable form. The data collected were organized and analyzed using percentage and mean. The study discovered that modern facilities such as computer, projector, were not available for teaching and learning in primary schools in Nsukka local government area. The study also revealed that the few audio visual resources available were inadequate to enhance effective teaching and learning in the study area. Besides, the study outlined insufficient fund, lack of skilled teachers, and lack of awareness on the need and use of audio visual resources as some inhibiting factors that militate against adequate use of audio-visual resources in teaching and learning at primary school level in the study area. Therefore, to enhance teaching and learning in primary schools in Nsukka local government area, the study recommends that government, Parent Teachers Association {PTA}, and Non NGOs should provide adequate fund and employ skillful teachers in primary schools

Use of Electronic Resources in Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Enugu State during COVID 19 Era: How Effective?

Due to the COVID 19 pandemic that held the whole world in suspense and in crisis, the consequential lockdown resulted into unparalleled education disruption. This invariably reduced available opportunities for many people, both young and old. In another perspective, this crisis has inspired technology innovation in individuals, group and governments within the education sector to aid teaching and learning during the lockdown period. It is as a result of this that this study aims at providing an insight into the effective use of electronic information resources in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Nsukka town of Enugu state during the COVID 19 pandemic. The study made use of descriptive design with quantitative method. The study purposively selected two schools that conducted teaching and learning during COVID19 pandemic. Out of the 87 population, the study sampled 30 teachers that were involved in teaching in the both schools during COVID19 era. Questionnaire was used as instruments of data collection. The data from questionnaire was analyzed using percentage. The result revealed that the schools under study possessed EIRs such as phone, computer, television, internet facilities, however the use of some of these resources were not at a very high extent because of some challenges such as power outage, lack of skill by teachers and students, lack of android phones, low bandwidth. Recommendations were made in regard to the findings

ASSESSMENT OF COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES FOR USER SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN ENUGU STATE

The main purpose of this study was to examine the collection development practices for user satisfaction in public libraries in Enugu State. The study adopted descriptive research design as suitable for the study with180 sampled size comprising 120 users and 60 professional and non- professional staff. Questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. Consequently, several collection development practices determine the extent user satisfaction is achieved in public libraries in Enugu State. These include community analysis, collection development policy, acquisition, selection, weeding, censorship and evaluation. Other factors that affect user satisfaction which is peculiar to users include user effort, user effectiveness, user characteristics and system effectiveness. This situation calls for librarians to wade-in and adopt effective collection development practices that will help enhance user satisfaction in public libraries in Enugu State. It is therefore recommended that librarians should develop information resources that will effectively satisfy users information needs. It is also recommended that librarians should organize orientation programme for users to help improve user effectiveness, effort, characteristics and system effectiveness. Finally, it is also recommended that censored materials should be properly kept away from users while effort should be made to select information materials appropriate for users. This can be done by adopting and implementing relevant development practices during collection development

Library Services: A Panacea for Community Development in Ogun State, Nigeria.

This research was carried with the sole aim of finding out how to improve the economic status of the rural dwellers in Ogun State, Nigeria. It is based on empirical evidence to elucidate the role of the public library in the development of the rural sector of the society. The descriptive study sampled 300 male and female rural dwellers through the use of questionnaire and focus group discussion as instruments of data collection. The focus group discussion was specifically chosen in a bid to have an interactive session with the respondents so as to gain information not captured in the questionnaire. The findings revealed that the respondents need information about their different areas of occupation, employment opportunities, Welfare and Family matters, information is needed on laws that affect the rural dwellers. This shows that there is need for the services of public libraries to the rural communities

FROM LIBRARY SERVICES TO LITERACY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN NSUKKA PRISON LIBRARY: OUR EXPERIENCE

Prisons serve as a place where criminal behaviors are suppressed. The need for these set of individuals to gather skills which help them remain positive right in the four walls of the prison yard and after serving their jail terms cannot be overemphasized. It is for this reason that the team set out to develop a programme aimed at inculcating literacy and creative writing skills that will help them participate more effectively when they finish their jail term. The aim of the study was to explore the importance and contributions of library resources and services to the lives of prison inmates and an attempt by the team to take this to a higher level. The study also reports an ongoing project in Nsukka Prisons, Enugu State, Nigeria. The design used to elicit information about the effect of the programme was survey. The population of the study was 365 with a sample size of two groups of 15 inmates each totaling 30. The research methods used was observation and focus group discussion. The results showed an improved level of literacy, creative and comic writing skills of the participants. It was therefore recommended that literacy activities should be encouraged among inmates to equip them with skills which will enable them become independent learners and better individuals in the society

The Role of Federal Varsity Libraries in Collecting and Preserving Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Development in South East Nigeria

This study examined the role of federal varsity libraries in collecting and preserving indigenous knowledge for sustainable development in south east Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design to study a target population of 166; which contains all the academic librarians in the five federal varsity libraries in the study area. Two research instruments – structured questionnaire and unstructured interview were used for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that indigenous knowledge is indispensable to sustainable development in the society as its contribution in various aspects of human endeavor is innumerable. Despite this, indigenous knowledge is at the stage of extinction due to libraries inability to collect and preserved it. However, the study found out that insufficient fund, lack of unified collection development policy, unsecured Intellectual Property Right (IPR), moisture, etc are challenges contributing to the low extent of preserving indigenous knowledge in the concerned libraries. Based on the findings the study recommends that library’s collection development policy should give more precedence to collection and preservation of indigenous knowledge. Adequate measures to protect the individual property right of the custodians is also necessary. Besides, for proper preservation of indigenous knowledge libraries should ensure that there is conducive environment

Competencies Required by Teacher Librarians for Improved Primary School Library Services in Enugu State of Nigeria

School libraries are central to learner-centred and inquiry-based education. However, the services of teacher librarians are required to make the school library functional. To function effectively, teacher librarians require competencies in teaching, literacy promotion, librarianship, administration and advocacy. This paper explores competencies possessed and required by primary school teacher librarians in Enugu State of Nigeria for improved library services. The study is a survey research. With a purposive sample of sixteen primary schools with more developed school libraries, the researchers collected data through three instruments:  an observation checklist assessing school libraries on accommodation, collections, personnel and services; a  structured questionnaire with five clusters on competencies possessed, as well as open questions on factors inhibiting performance and strategies for improvement; and an interview guide. Data were analysed using frequency and percentages; and narrative description.  Findings revealed that the personnel factor was crucial in effective library services; that while none of the teacher librarians had qualifications in both education and librarianship, they did possess some competencies, especially in the areas of literacy promotion and teaching while lacking others such as library skills. Among recommended actions to increase competencies and strengthen the performance of teacher librarians were: establishment of a clear career ladder for teacher librarians, continuing professional education leading to dual qualifications, inclusion of library periods on the timetable, development of a curriculum to guide teaching of library and information literacy skills, and advocacy to create a more supportive working environment for teacher librarians. Only such actions can improve school library services, since only well qualified teacher librarians can deliver effective school library services.Keywords: Teacher librarians; School libraries; Library service

Toxicity and repellence of Citrus jambhiri Lush rind essential oil against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Poster

Rind of matured fruits of Citrus jambhiri Lush was hydro-distilled to obtain essential oil (EO) which was subjected to Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EO was evaluated for fumigant toxicity (at 27- 107µL/L air) and repellence against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). Area preference methodology was used to evaluate the repellence of the EO at 0.15-0.9 µL/cm2, while isopropanol served as control for both bioassays. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized design and data were subjected to analysis of variance and probit analysis. Fifty-two compounds were identified in the EO with the predominant compounds being a-terpineol (8.03%), citral (7.00%), 4-terpineol (6.52%), caryophellene (4.58%), cis-geraniol (4.44%), citronellal (4.38%), ß-bisabolene (4.01%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (4.70%). Others were a- bergamotene (3.74%), lemonol (3.23%), precocene I (3.33%) and ß-copaene (3.09%). Toxicity progressed with EO dose and exposure period and application of EO at 80 and 107µL/L air caused significantly higher mortality (33.75-100.00%) than isopropanol (0.00-22.50%). Lethal time for 50% assayed weevil (LT50) for the EO application at 107 µL/L air {7.51 (6.95-8.13) h} was significantly lower than the values obtained for 27 and 53 µL/L air {44.78 (27.49-312.61) and 21.87 (11.91-45.96) h, respectively}. EO caused significantly higher repellence (75.00-90.00%) than control (15.00%) at 24 hours after treatment. The results indicate that C. jambhiri rind EO has prospects as effective biorational formulation for control of maize weevil.Rind of matured fruits of Citrus jambhiri Lush was hydro-distilled to obtain essential oil (EO) which was subjected to Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EO was evaluated for fumigant toxicity (at 27- 107µL/L air) and repellence against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). Area preference methodology was used to evaluate the repellence of the EO at 0.15-0.9 µL/cm2, while isopropanol served as control for both bioassays. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized design and data were subjected to analysis of variance and probit analysis. Fifty-two compounds were identified in the EO with the predominant compounds being a-terpineol (8.03%), citral (7.00%), 4-terpineol (6.52%), caryophellene (4.58%), cis-geraniol (4.44%), citronellal (4.38%), ß-bisabolene (4.01%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (4.70%). Others were a- bergamotene (3.74%), lemonol (3.23%), precocene I (3.33%) and ß-copaene (3.09%). Toxicity progressed with EO dose and exposure period and application of EO at 80 and 107µL/L air caused significantly higher mortality (33.75-100.00%) than isopropanol (0.00-22.50%). Lethal time for 50% assayed weevil (LT50) for the EO application at 107 µL/L air {7.51 (6.95-8.13) h} was significantly lower than the values obtained for 27 and 53 µL/L air {44.78 (27.49-312.61) and 21.87 (11.91-45.96) h, respectively}. EO caused significantly higher repellence (75.00-90.00%) than control (15.00%) at 24 hours after treatment. The results indicate that C. jambhiri rind EO has prospects as effective biorational formulation for control of maize weevil