Severe hypertriglyceridemia in the course of ketoacidosis in a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: One of the most serious complications in delayed diagnosis of DKA is hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), Prevalence of mild hypertriglyceridemia is found in about 50% of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Prevalence of severe hypertriglyceridemia [TG > 22.4 mmol/L (> 1959 mg/dL)] was found in about 1–8% of adults with DKA, but few data have been reported in children with severity ranging from asymptomatic to severe acute pancreatitis.CASE PRESENTATION: A 2-year-old-girl with a 2 weeks history of generalized weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, and vulvar candidiasis was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with clinical signs of DKA. Our patient was met the diagnostic criteria for DKA (pH 7.1, HCO3- 8.8 mmol/L, BE -21.1 mmol/L), glucose level of > 22 mmol/L (556 mg/dl). Initial biochemical analysis showed hyperlipidemia [TG 11470 mg/dL (131.1 mmol/L)], amylase 28 U/L. Her blood demonstrated a grossly lipemic appearance and her lipemic condition disturbed the results of other biochemical blood investigations. The objective of this case report is to present and describe the clinical features, laboratory investigations, case management, and natural course of hypertriglyceridemia in a 2-year-old girl with DKA.CONCLUSIONS: Lipemia secondary to severe HTG may exist in new-onset T1DM with DKA. Diabetic lipemia can be caused not only by profound insulin deficiency. An additional factor which should be taken into consideration in very young children is breastfeeding, which is associated with increased mean total cholesterol (TC) and LDL levels. Moreover, severe hypertriglyceridemia may result in mutations of genes encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Różnorodność florystyczna, siedliskowa i energetyczna wybranych gatunków z rodzaju Carex L.

Background. Sedges play an important role in various types of ecosystems due to, inter alia, participation in their biomass not only as components of phytocenoses, but also as important components in the organic sediments of various types of peatbogs. Moreover, sedge meadows perform many positive functions in the natural environment including being a place for the existence and breeding of many animal species, especially avifauna. They also have aesthetic and landscape significance. The aim of this study was to characterize the floristic, habitat and energy diversity of rush communities of the class Phragmitetea against the background of some ecological factors determined by the laboratory and phyto-indication methods. Material and methods. Materials for the study were collected from natural sites from the Wielkopolska region, mainly the Noteć Bystra valley and the inter-embankment zone of the Warta river, around Raków and Trzebiszewo, during the growing periods of 2013, 2015 and 2016. The study concerned five rush communities: Caricetum appropinquatae, Caricetum distichae, Caricetum ripariae, Caricetum rostratae and Caricetum vesicariae. These are naturally valuable phytocenoses with a natural or semi-natural character that are found in very moist marshy habitats, the coastal zones of rivers, ox-bow lakes, drainage ditches and even overgrown water holes. Results. The specified associations occurred on slightly acidic or acidic soils, often devoid of oxygen, with high levels of groundwater that were rich in nitrogen. Structural carbohydrate content was: cellulose 36.5%–42.3%, lignin 19.2%–23.6%, and holocellulose 60.8%–65.5%. The amount of extractive substances ranged from 5.2%–6.4%. Conclusion. The energy value of the studied communities is very high, which is confirmed by a heat of combustion ranging from 17.6 to 18.1 ($MJ·kg^(-1)$ DM) and a calorific value ranging from 16.6 to 17.3 $MJ·kg^(-1)$ DM.Badania dotyczyły pięciu zbiorowisk szuwarowych: Caricetum appropinquatae, Caricetum distichae, Caricetum ripariae, Caricetum rostratae i Caricetum vesicariae. Są to fitocenozy przyrodniczo cenne, o naturalnym lub półnaturalnym charakterze, spotykane w siedliskach silnie uwilgotnionych, zabagnianych, w strefie brzegowej rzek, starorzeczach, rowach melioracyjnych, a nawet zarastających oczkach wodnych. Wyróżnione zespoły występują na glebach o odczynie lekko kwaśnym lub kwaśnym, często pozbawione tlenu, o wysokim poziomie wód gruntowych zasobnych w azot. Materiały do badań zostały pobrane z naturalnych stanowisk z Wielkopolski, głównie z doliny Noteci Bystrej i strefy międzywala rzeki Warty wokół Rakowa, Trzebiszewa w okresach wegetacyjnych 2013, 2015 i 2016. Strukturalna zawartość węglowodanów wynosiła: celulozy 36,5–42,3%, ligniny 19,2–23,6% i holocelulozy 60,8–65%. Zawartość substancji ekstrakcyjnych wahała się od 5,2 do 6,4%. Wartość energetyczna biomasy zbiorowisk z dominacją turzyc jest bardzo wysoka, o czym świadczy ciepło spalania wynoszące od 17,6 do 18,1 $MJ·kg^(-1)$ s.m. i wartość opałowa od 16,6 do 17,3 $MJ·kg^(-1)$ s.m

The effect of swimming on the body posture, range of motion and musculoskeletal pain in elite para and able-bodied swimmers

Abstract Background Elite swimmers may be predisposed to disturbances in the range of motion (ROM) of hip joints and spinal curvatures, which are a factor that induces body’s compensatory mechanisms that may have an impact on sports training, athletic performance and health. This study aimed to identify compensatory mechanisms in body posture of elite Para and able-bodied swimmers (spinal curvatures, ROM), to indicate the dominant locations of the compensatory mechanisms in the groups of Para and able-bodied athletes, and to identify and compare the prevalence and location of musculoskeletal pain from the last week and the last six months in the context of compensatory mechanisms. Methods Thirty-five (nF = 8; nM = 27; age = 20.51 ± 4.24) elite Para and able-bodied swimmers from the Polish national team took part in the study and were divided into: study group (SG) of Para swimmers and control group (CG) of able-bodied swimmers. Depth of the anteroposterior spinal curvatures and sagittal spinal mobility testing were evaluated with a Medi Mouse device. The prevalence and locations of musculoskeletal pain were assessed with a Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for the last seven days (NMQ-7) and the last six months (NMQ-6). Results In both groups lumbar hypolordosis, anterior pelvic tilt and pain in the shoulders, lower back and hips/thighs (NMQ-7) were reported the most frequent. In SG several significant relationships were found between duration of sport-specific training experience (years) and depth of angle the lumbar lordosis, the depth of the angle of pelvic inclination the ROM in the lumbar spine and thoracic spine, what was not reported in CG. Conclusions Extrinsic compensatory mechanism was identified in both study groups, however only in SG it occurred as structural (depth of the angle of lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination) and functional changes (ROM in the thoracic and lumbar spine) in the body posture. Internal compensatory mechanism was identified in SG, however external compensation showed only partially suppressive character regarding to internal compensation. The locations of the musculoskeletal complaints seems to result from both internal compensatory mechanism (SG) and continuous overload of the anatomy trains as a result of swimming training (SG, CG)