Nanostructured anti-corrosion coating, structure including same and method for anti-corrosion protection of a substrate

The invention relates to a nanostructured anti-corrosion coating containing polyelectrolytes, including: at least one main compartment including a multilayer (1) of polyelectrolyte(s), doped with at least one anti-corrosion agent (4), and an upper multilayer (2a) acting as a barrier against the diffusion of the doping agents and having an upper surface corresponding to the upper surface of the main compartment; and optionally one or more secondary compartments each including a multilayer (8, 11) of polyelectrolyte(s), doped with at least one functional agent different from an anti-corrosion agent, and an upper multilayer (2b; 2c) acting as a barrier against the diffusion of the doping agents and having an upper surface corresponding to the upper surface of the secondary compartment. The invention also relates to a structure including a metal substrate and such a coating, to the use thereof in the field of aeronautics or aerospace, and to a method for making the same