Influencia del tipo y la relación agua/yeso sobre la compresión, porosidad, densidad, fraguado y expansión para la conservación de edificaciones, Trujillo 2018

RESUMEN El yeso sin duda es un material de gran importancia en el campo de la construcción y sobre todo en procesos de conservación de edificaciones consideradas patrimonio cultural, si bien en nuestro país este material no es utilizado de la misma manera que en otros países, esto no le quita las grandes características que presenta para dar solución a problemas ocasionado por el paso del tiempo que sufren las edificaciones que son consideradas patrimonio cultural y en general todo tipo de construcción. Está claro que el uso del yeso según sus características físico mecánicas muestra un gran desempeño frente a agentes externos o a exposiciones de temperaturas de gran magnitud. Por ende, debido a que el yeso es un material accesible y de bajo costo se toma en cuenta como material restaurador y de gran uso en métodos constructivos. Por ello, la presente investigación propone ahondar en las características físico mecánicas que presenta el yeso como expansión, resistencia a la compresión, porosidad, densidad y fraguado de tal manera que este se muestre como una gran opción en el campo de la construcción. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación se ha utilizado yesos de diferentes lugares de procedencia de la ciudad de Trujillo, 3 yesos industriales (marcas registradas) comercializados en grandes ferreterías y 3 yesos artesanales obtenidos de ferreterías pequeñas. Se analizó la composición mineralógica tanto para el yeso artesanal I y Hades construcción, revelando que ambos yesos no cumplen con los parámetros establecidos respecto a su composición química; se clasificaron los yesos según su tipo, de construcción y cerámico, se analizó la relación agua/yeso adecuada que fue de 0.60 (38% de agua) y 0.70 (41% de agua), respecto a la granulometría del material utilizado, se muestran como un material de grano fino a grueso con un módulo de finura que oscila desde 0.6 hasta 2.3. Las características que presenta el yeso en estado fresco según las relaciones a/y obtenidas, es un material trabajable con un tiempo de fraguado de aproximadamente 61 minutos, para luego conformar 240 probetas cúbicas de dimensiones de 5cm x 5cm x 5cm en moldes de madera; las probetas tuvieron un periodo de secado de 26 a 28 días. Se determinó que no existen yesos de calidad en nuestra ciudad, sin embargo, el yeso Martell presentó mejores propiedades con una resistencia de 13 kg/cm2 a 26 días de curado a temperatura ambiente, además, la mejor relación a/y es de 0.70. Así mismo, este yeso presentó un contenido de humedad con 6.8% y densidad de 0.94 g/cm3 estando dentro del rango permitido tomando en cuenta datos teóricos, con esto se recomienda utilizar este yeso para fines de trabajos de restauración y revestimientos para edificaciones consideradas patrimonio cultural. El yeso artesanal I y III obtienen bajos resultados de compresión con 10 kg/cm2 además de tener altos porcentajes de porosidad con 51%. Según la prueba de normalidad mediante SPSS las variables estudiadas tienen un comportamiento normal y el análisis de varianza nos muestra que las hipótesis alternas o especificas se aceptan por tener un F experimental mayor al teórico. Finalmente, los análisis de estos resultados han sido de gran ayuda para determinar las bondades que presenta el yeso como material de uso para conservación en el campo de la construcción.ABSTRACT Gypsum is undoubtedly a material of great importance in the field of construction and especially in processes of conservation of buildings considered cultural heritage, although in our country this material is not used in the same way as in other countries, this does not it removes the great characteristics that it presents to solve problems caused by the passage of time that suffer the buildings that are considered cultural heritage and in general all types of construction. It is clear that the use of gypsum according to its physical and mechanical characteristics shows a great performance against external agents or exposures of high temperatures. Therefore, because gypsum is an accessible and inexpensive material, it is taken into account as a restorative material and of great use in constructive methods. Therefore, the present investigation proposes to delve into the physical and mechanical characteristics that plaster presents as expansion, resistance to compression, porosity, density and setting in such a way that it is shown as a great option in the field of construction. For the development of the present research, plasters from different places of origin from the city of Trujillo, 3 industrial plasters (registered trademarks) marketed in large hardware stores and 3 handmade plasters obtained from small hardware stores have been used. The mineralogical composition was analyzed for both the artisan plaster I and Hades construction, revealing that both plaster casts do not comply with the established parameters regarding their chemical composition; the gypsums were classified according to their type, construction and ceramic, analyzed the water / gypsum ratio was 0.60 (38% water) and 0.70 (41% water), with respect to the granulometry of the material used, are shown as a fine-to-coarse-grained material with a fineness modulus ranging from 0.6 to 2.3. The characteristics that the plaster presents in fresh state according to the ratios a / and obtained, is a workable material with a setting time of approximately 61 minutes, to then form 240 cubic specimens of dimensions of 5cm x 5cm x 5cm in wooden molds; the specimens had a drying period of 26 to 28 days. It was determined that there are no quality plasters in our city, however, the plaster Martell presented better properties with a resistance of 13 kg / cm2 to 26 days of curing at room temperature, in addition, the best ratio to / and is 0.70. Likewise, this plaster presented one moisture content with 6.8% and density of 0.94 g / cm3 being within the allowed range taking into account theoretical data, with this it is recommended to use this plaster for the purpose of restoration work and coatings for buildings considered cultural heritage. The artisan gypsum I and III obtain low compression results with 10 kg / cm2 in addition to having high percentages of porosity with 51%. According to the SPSS normality test, the variables studied have a normal behavior and the analysis of variance shows us that alternate or specific hypotheses are accepted as having an experimental F greater than the theoretical one. Finally, the analysis of these results has been of great help to determine the benefits of gypsum as a material for conservation use in the field of construction

Influencia del tipo y la relación agua/yeso sobre la compresión, porosidad, densidad, fraguado y expansión para la conservación de edificaciones, Trujillo 2018

RESUMEN El yeso sin duda es un material de gran importancia en el campo de la construcción y sobre todo en procesos de conservación de edificaciones consideradas patrimonio cultural, si bien en nuestro país este material no es utilizado de la misma manera que en otros países, esto no le quita las grandes características que presenta para dar solución a problemas ocasionado por el paso del tiempo que sufren las edificaciones que son consideradas patrimonio cultural y en general todo tipo de construcción. Está claro que el uso del yeso según sus características físico mecánicas muestra un gran desempeño frente a agentes externos o a exposiciones de temperaturas de gran magnitud. Por ende, debido a que el yeso es un material accesible y de bajo costo se toma en cuenta como material restaurador y de gran uso en métodos constructivos. Por ello, la presente investigación propone ahondar en las características físico mecánicas que presenta el yeso como expansión, resistencia a la compresión, porosidad, densidad y fraguado de tal manera que este se muestre como una gran opción en el campo de la construcción. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación se ha utilizado yesos de diferentes lugares de procedencia de la ciudad de Trujillo, 3 yesos industriales (marcas registradas) comercializados en grandes ferreterías y 3 yesos artesanales obtenidos de ferreterías pequeñas. Se analizó la composición mineralógica tanto para el yeso artesanal I y Hades construcción, revelando que ambos yesos no cumplen con los parámetros establecidos respecto a su composición química; se clasificaron los yesos según su tipo, de construcción y cerámico, se analizó la relación agua/yeso adecuada que fue de 0.60 (38% de agua) y 0.70 (41% de agua), respecto a la granulometría del material utilizado, se muestran como un material de grano fino a grueso con un módulo de finura que oscila desde 0.6 hasta 2.3. Las características que presenta el yeso en estado fresco según las relaciones a/y obtenidas, es un material trabajable con un tiempo de fraguado de aproximadamente 61 minutos, para luego conformar 240 probetas cúbicas de dimensiones de 5cm x 5cm x 5cm en moldes de madera; las probetas tuvieron un periodo de secado de 26 a 28 días. Se determinó que no existen yesos de calidad en nuestra ciudad, sin embargo, el yeso Martell presentó mejores propiedades con una resistencia de 13 kg/cm2 a 26 días de curado a temperatura ambiente, además, la mejor relación a/y es de 0.70. Así mismo, este yeso presentó un contenido de humedad con 6.8% y densidad de 0.94 g/cm3 estando dentro del rango permitido tomando en cuenta datos teóricos, con esto se recomienda utilizar este yeso para fines de trabajos de restauración y revestimientos para edificaciones consideradas patrimonio cultural. El yeso artesanal I y III obtienen bajos resultados de compresión con 10 kg/cm2 además de tener altos porcentajes de porosidad con 51%. Según la prueba de normalidad mediante SPSS las variables estudiadas tienen un comportamiento normal y el análisis de varianza nos muestra que las hipótesis alternas o especificas se aceptan por tener un F experimental mayor al teórico. Finalmente, los análisis de estos resultados han sido de gran ayuda para determinar las bondades que presenta el yeso como material de uso para conservación en el campo de la construcción.ABSTRACT Gypsum is undoubtedly a material of great importance in the field of construction and especially in processes of conservation of buildings considered cultural heritage, although in our country this material is not used in the same way as in other countries, this does not it removes the great characteristics that it presents to solve problems caused by the passage of time that suffer the buildings that are considered cultural heritage and in general all types of construction. It is clear that the use of gypsum according to its physical and mechanical characteristics shows a great performance against external agents or exposures of high temperatures. Therefore, because gypsum is an accessible and inexpensive material, it is taken into account as a restorative material and of great use in constructive methods. Therefore, the present investigation proposes to delve into the physical and mechanical characteristics that plaster presents as expansion, resistance to compression, porosity, density and setting in such a way that it is shown as a great option in the field of construction. For the development of the present research, plasters from different places of origin from the city of Trujillo, 3 industrial plasters (registered trademarks) marketed in large hardware stores and 3 handmade plasters obtained from small hardware stores have been used. The mineralogical composition was analyzed for both the artisan plaster I and Hades construction, revealing that both plaster casts do not comply with the established parameters regarding their chemical composition; the gypsums were classified according to their type, construction and ceramic, analyzed the water / gypsum ratio was 0.60 (38% water) and 0.70 (41% water), with respect to the granulometry of the material used, are shown as a fine-to-coarse-grained material with a fineness modulus ranging from 0.6 to 2.3. The characteristics that the plaster presents in fresh state according to the ratios a / and obtained, is a workable material with a setting time of approximately 61 minutes, to then form 240 cubic specimens of dimensions of 5cm x 5cm x 5cm in wooden molds; the specimens had a drying period of 26 to 28 days. It was determined that there are no quality plasters in our city, however, the plaster Martell presented better properties with a resistance of 13 kg / cm2 to 26 days of curing at room temperature, in addition, the best ratio to / and is 0.70. Likewise, this plaster presented one moisture content with 6.8% and density of 0.94 g / cm3 being within the allowed range taking into account theoretical data, with this it is recommended to use this plaster for the purpose of restoration work and coatings for buildings considered cultural heritage. The artisan gypsum I and III obtain low compression results with 10 kg / cm2 in addition to having high percentages of porosity with 51%. According to the SPSS normality test, the variables studied have a normal behavior and the analysis of variance shows us that alternate or specific hypotheses are accepted as having an experimental F greater than the theoretical one. Finally, the analysis of these results has been of great help to determine the benefits of gypsum as a material for conservation use in the field of construction

Molecular physiopathology of obesity-related diseases: multi-organ integration by GRK2

Obesity is a worldwide problem that has reached epidemic proportions both in developed and developing countries. The excessive accumulation of fat poses a risk to health since it favours the development of metabolic alterations including insulin resistance and tissue inflammation, which further contribute to the progress of the complex pathological scenario observed in the obese. In this review we put together the different outcomes of fat accumulation and insulin resistance in the main insulin-responsive tissues, and discuss the role of some of the key molecular routes that control disease progression both in an organ-specific and also in a more systemic manner. Particularly, we focus on the importance of studying the integrated regulation of different organs and pathways that contribute to the global pathophysiology of this condition with a specific emphasis on the role of emerging key molecular nodes such as the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) signalling hubMinisterio Sanidad y Consumo-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Grants SAF2014-55511-R and SAF2012-36400 from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), Spain (to FM-CM and MS); S2010/BMD-2332 (INDISNET) from Comunidad de Madrid, Spain (to FM); an EFSDNovo Nordisk Grant (to FM) and Fundacion Ramon Areces (to CM and AMB)Peer Reviewe

In vivo assembling of bacterial ribosomal protein L11 into yeast ribosomes makes the particles sensitive to the prokaryotic specific antibiotic thiostrepton

Article available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm773Eukaryotic ribosomal stalk protein L12 and its bacterial orthologue L11 play a central role on ribosomal conformational changes during translocation. Deletion of the two genes encoding L12 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a very slow-growth phenotype. Gene RPL12B, but not the RPL12A, cloned in centromeric plasmids fully restored control protein level and the growth rate when expressed in a L12-deprived strain. The same strain has been transformed to express Escherichia coli protein EcL11 under the control of yeast RPL12B promoter. The bacterial protein has been found in similar amounts in washed ribosomes from the transformed yeast strain and from control E. coli cells, however, EcL11 was unable to restore the defective acidic protein stalk composition caused by the absence of ScL12 in the yeast ribosome. Protein EcL11 induced a 10% increase in L12-defective cell growth rate, although the in vitro polymerizing capacity of the EcL11-containing ribosomes is restored in a higher proportion, and, moreover, the particles became partially sensitive to the prokaryotic specific antibiotic thiostrepton. Molecular dynamic simulations using modelled complexes support the correct assembly of bacterial L11 into the yeast ribosome and confirm its direct implication of its CTD in the binding of thiostrepton to ribosomesThis work was funded by Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain (BFU2006-00365 to J.P.G.B., GEN2003-206420-C09-08 and BIO2005-0576 to A.R.O.); Fundación Ramón Areces (institutional grant to CBMSO)Peer reviewe

Dissolution profiles of fenbendazole from binary solid dispersions: A mathematical approach

Aim: Understanding a drug dissolution process from solid dispersions (SD) to develop formulations with predictable in vivo performance. Materials & methods: Dissolution data of fenbendazole released from the SDs and the control physical mixtures were analyzed using the Lumped mathematical model to estimate the parameters of pharmaceutical relevance. Results: The fit data obtained by Lumped model showed that all SDs have a unique dissolution profile with an error of ±4.1% and an initial release rate 500-times higher than the pure drug, without incidence of drug/polymer ratio or polymer type. Conclusion: The Lumped model helped to understand that the main factor influencing the fenbendazole release was the type formulation (SD or physical mixture), regardless of the type or amount of polymer used.Fil: Melian, María Elisa. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Briones Nieva, Cintia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez, Laura. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gonzo, Elio Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Palma, Santiago Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Bermudez, Jose Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; Argentin

Effectiveness of an intensive E-mail based intervention in smoking cessation (TABATIC study) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Intensive interventions on smoking cessation increase abstinence rates. However, few electronic mail (E-mail) based intensive interventions have been tested in smokers and none in primary care (PC) setting. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive E-mail based intervention in smokers attending PC services. Methods/design: Randomized Controlled Multicentric Trial. Study population: 1060 smokers aged between 18-70 years from Catalonia, Salamanca and Aragón (Spain) who have and check regularly an E-mail account. Patients will be randomly assigned to control or intervention group. Intervention: Six phase intensive intervention with two face to face interviews and four automatically created and personal E-mail patients tracking, if needed other E-mail contacts will be made. Control group will receive a brief advice on smoking cessation. Outcome measures: Will be measured at 6 and 12 months after intervention: self reported continuous abstinence (confirmed by cooximetry), point prevalence abstinence, tobacco consumption, evolution of stage according to Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model, length of visit, costs for the patient to access Primary Care Center. Statistical analysis: Descriptive and logistic and Poisson regression analysis under the intention to treat basis using SPSS v.17. Discussion: The proposed intervention is an E-mail based intensive intervention in smokers attending primary care. Positive results could be useful to demonstrate a higher percentage of short and long-term abstinence among smokers attended in PC in Spain who regularly use E-mail. Furthermore, this intervention could be helpful in all health services to help smokers to quit. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01494246

Information and communication technologies for approaching smokers : a descriptive study in primary healthcare

Background: Common interventions for smoking cessation are based on medical advice and pharmacological aid. Information and communication technologies may be helpful as interventions by themselves or as complementary tools to quit smoking. The objective of the study was to determine the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the smoking population attended in primary care, and describe the major factors associated with its use. Methods: Descriptive observational study in 84 health centres in Cataluña, Aragon and Salamanca. We included by simple random sampling 1725 primary healthcare smokers (any amount of tobacco) aged 18-85. Through personal interview professionals collected Socio-demographic data and variables related with tobacco consumption and ICTs use were collected through face to face interviews Factors associated with the use of ICTs were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Users of at least one ICT were predominantly male, young (18-45 years), from most favoured social classes and of higher education. Compared with non-ICTs users, users declared lower consumption of tobacco, younger onset age, and lower nicotine dependence. The percentages of use of email, text messages and web pages were 65.3%, 74.0% and 71.5%, respectively. Factors associated with the use of ICTs were age, social class, educational level and nicotine dependence level. The factor most closely associated with the use of all three ICTs was age; mainly individuals aged 18-24. Conclusions: The use of ICTs to quit smoking is promising, with the technology of mobile phones having a broader potential. Younger and more educated subjects are good targets for ICTs interventions on smoking cessation

InAs/AlGaAs quantum dot intermediate band solar cells with enlarged sub-bandgaps

In the last decade several prototypes of intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs) have been manufactured. So far, most of these prototypes have been based on InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) in order to implement the IB material. The key operation principles of the IB theory are two photon sub-bandgap (SBG) photocurrent, and output voltage preservation, and both have been experimentally demonstrated at low temperature. At room temperature (RT), however, thermal escape/relaxation between the conduction band (CB) and the IB prevents voltage preservation. To improve this situation, we have produced and characterized the first reported InAs/AlGaAs QD-based IBSCs. For an Al content of 25% in the host material, we have measured an activation energy of 361 meV for the thermal carrier escape. This energy is about 250 meV higher than the energies found in the literature for InAs/GaAs QD, and almost 140 meV higher than the activation energy obtained in our previous InAs/GaAs QD-IBSC prototypes including a specifically designed QD capping layer. This high value is responsible for the suppression of the SBG quantum efficiency under monochromatic illumination at around 220 K. We suggest that, if the energy split between the CB and the IB is large enough, activation energies as high as to suppress thermal carrier escape at room temperature (RT) can be achieved. In this respect, the InAs/AlGaAs system offers new possibilities to overcome some of the problems encountered in InAs/GaAs and opens the path for QD-IBSC devices capable of achieving high efficiency at RT

Strain balanced quantum posts for intermediate band solar cells

In this work we present strain balanced InAs quantum post of exceptional length in the context of photovoltaics. We discuss the general properties of these nanostructures and their impact in the practical implementation of an intermediate band solar cell. We have studied the photocurrent generated by strain balanced quantum posts embedded in a GaAs single crystal, and compared our results with quantum dot based devices. The incorporation of phosphorous in the matrix to partially compensate the accumulated stress enables a significant increase of the quantum post maximum length. The relative importance of tunneling and thermal escape processes is found to depend strongly on the geometry of the nanostructures. tunneling and thermal escape processes is found to depend strongly on the geometry of the nanostructures

In vivo assembling of bacterial ribosomal protein L11 into yeast ribosomes makes the particles sensitive to the prokaryotic specific antibiotic thiostrepton

Eukaryotic ribosomal stalk protein L12 and its bacterial orthologue L11 play a central role on ribosomal conformational changes during translocation. Deletion of the two genes encoding L12 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a very slow-growth phenotype. Gene RPL12B, but not the RPL12A, cloned in centromeric plasmids fully restored control protein level and the growth rate when expressed in a L12-deprived strain. The same strain has been transformed to express Escherichia coli protein EcL11 under the control of yeast RPL12B promoter. The bacterial protein has been found in similar amounts in washed ribosomes from the transformed yeast strain and from control E. coli cells, however, EcL11 was unable to restore the defective acidic protein stalk composition caused by the absence of ScL12 in the yeast ribosome. Protein EcL11 induced a 10% increase in L12-defective cell growth rate, although the in vitro polymerizing capacity of the EcL11-containing ribosomes is restored in a higher proportion, and, moreover, the particles became partially sensitive to the prokaryotic specific antibiotic thiostrepton. Molecular dynamic simulations using modelled complexes support the correct assembly of bacterial L11 into the yeast ribosome and confirm its direct implication of its CTD in the binding of thiostrepton to ribosomes