Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, remodeling and regenerative effects of Photobiomodulation in an experimental tendinopathy model.

Tendinopatia é uma patologia crônica caracterizada por degeneração, inflamação e é frequentemente acompanhada por dor. Atualmente, as opções de tratamento são consideradas insatisfatórias, insuficientes e ineficazes. A fotobiomodulação (FBM) mostrou a capacidade de reduzir a quantidade de agentes inflamatórios, induzindo a proliferação celular, ao passo que promove analgesia, atingindo todos os sintomas principais da TP, e mostrando o potencial da FBM como tratamento alternativo da TP. Esse projeto teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental de TP e a análise dos efeitos analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e regenerativos da FBM (utilizada em comprimentos de onda vermelho e infravermelho). Para tanto, ratos Wistar, machos (250-370g) foram submetidos ao modelo de TP pela administração colagenase tipo I no tendão calcâneo(10mg/ml) e tratados 15 dias depois com FBM (100mW, 30 seg., 3J, 107,14J/cm²), a qual foi aplicada durante 7 dias consecutivos. Sensibilidade mecânica foi avaliada por meio de filamentos de von Frey e a sensibilidade térmica fria avaliada pelo teste de acetona. Amostras de tendão foram coletadas para análise de distribuição de colageno tipo I e III, assim como a contagem total de células. A administração de colagenase tipo I promoveu alodínia mecânica e hipersensibilidade térmica ao frio que foi revertido em todos os grupos que foram submetidos por tratamento com FBM de 660nm e 808nm, sem diferenças entre esses comprimentos de onda. Analise de fibras de colageno demonstrou que o modelo de TP aumentou a expressão de colageno tipo III e diminuiu colageno tipo I, o que foi invertido após tratamento por FBM. Imunohistoquímica (IHQ) revelou que TP causou um aumento significatico na expressão de astrócitos, que foi invertido por FBM de 660nm e 808nm. FBM mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da alodínia mecânica e hipersensibilidade térmica ao frio nos testes comportamentais avaliados, aumentando a expressão de colageno tipo I e invertendo o aumento na expressão de astrócitos.Tendinopathy (TP) is a chronic pathology of tendons, characterized by both degeneration and inflammation, which is often accompanied by pain. To this day, treatment options are unsatisfactory, insufficient and ineffective. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to decrease occurrence of inflammatory agents, while additionally promoting cell proliferation and analgesia, addressing all major complications of TP, pointing PBM as one potential alternative therapy for TP. This project aimed to develop an experimental model of tendinopathy in rats and the analysis of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of PBM (red and infrared wavelengths). Male Wistar rats (250-370g) were submitted to the TP model by an injection of collagenase type I in the Calcaneal Tendon (10mg/ml) and 15 days later PBM (100mW, 30 sec, 3J, 107.14 J/cm²) was applied to tendons once a day in 7 consecutive daily sessions. Mechanical nociception was evaluated by Von-Frey filaments and thermal cold sensitivity by acetone spray test. Samples of rat tendons were collected for analysis of collagen type I and type III distribution, as well as total cell count. Medulla samples were collected and immunostained with GFAP. Collagenase injection induced both mechanical allodynia and cold sensitivity in all evaluated groups that was reversed by PBM treatment on both 660 and 808 nm with no differences between them. Collagen fiber analysis showed an increased expression of collagen type III and a decrease of type I, which was reversed after PBM application. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that TP increased astrocyte expression significantly that was reversed by PBM at both 660 and 808 nm. PBM was shown to be an effective treatment option for TP, reversing mechanical allodynia and cold sensitivity in the behavioral tests, increasing collagen type I expression and reversing increased astrocyte expression

Laser in Pediatric Dentistry

Laser technology has different applications in dentistry, and, particularly, in Paediatric Dentistry. Depending on laser wavelengths and the physical properties of the tissue which is to be targeted; it is possible obtain different results in three main dental fields: Diagnosis, Prevention and Operative Therapy. Conventional treatments can sometimes be replaced by laser treatments and better results may be achieved. Laser treatments offer new treatment opportunities in the dental field that were unknown in the past. This chapter aims to outline the clinical protocols and possible applications of different laser systems in Paediatric Dentistry