Consistency of Digital Panoramic Results Compared to Digital Periapical in Evaluation of Bone Loss in Anterior and Posterior Mandible and Maxilla

This study evaluated the consistency of digital panoramic results compared to digital periapical in evaluation of bone loss in anterior and posterior mandible and maxilla. For this purpose, 10 patients with digital panoramic images and parallel and digital full mouth periapical referred to the private department of radiology were recruited for the study. Images of the patients were used for the study if they consented. The patients (aged 17±38) had moderate and severe periodontitis in teeth 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The distance between CEJ and bone height observed on the mesial and distal lateral incisors, canines, first and second premolars, first and second molars in periapical and panoramic images was measured by a measurement tool available in the software. Bone loss in the cement and enamel junction to alveolar bone crest in the mesial and distal lateral incisors, canines, first and second premolars, first and second molars was measured and recorded in the questionnaire by considering magnification. Measurements were done by a radiologist and two dental students and repeated in 2 weeks. There was no significant difference in two images in the teeth 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on the right and left. Therefore, PA can be replaced by panoramic imaging in these teeth

Investigating the Morphologic Indices of the Hamulus Pterygoid Process Using the CBCT Technique

Location and length of hamulus process plays a very important role in the efficiency of muscles such as tensor veli palatine, palato pharyngeal, upper part of upper throat muscle and so on. Given the importance of information on the morphology of the hamular process and capabilities and usefulness of CBCT in the diagnosis of its structure, this study takes place with the goal of investigating the morphologic indices (indicators) of hamulus pterygoid process using CBCT. This study investigates the CBCT images of 201 patients with the average age of 37 years, 102 males and 99 females. The length and width of the hamulus process on the left and right was measured. Also, the slope of this process in the sagittal and coronal planes were studied. Then variables in question were measured by a CBCT viewer. Average length of hamulus pterygoid process on the right was found to be 6.4 mm and on the left it was 6.5 mm. Average width of hamulus pterygoid process on the right was found to be 1.34 mm and on the left it was 1.35 mm. The average slope of the hamulus pterygoid process in the sagittal plane on the right was found to be 55.9 ° and on the left it was 56.7° The average slope of the hamulus pterygoid process in the coronal plane on the right was found to be 65.7 ° and on the left it was 66.5°. Average length and width of the hamulus process on the two sides did not make a statistically significant difference. But the average slope in the sagittal and coronal plane on the left was significantly higher than the one on the right. Average length of hamulus pterygoid process on the two sides was significantly higher in men than women. Average width of hamulus pterygoid process and the slope in the sagittal and coronal planes did not make any difference on both sides in both genders. Average length, width and slope of hamulus pterygoid process in the sagittal plan reduces on both sides with increase in age. But the slope of the hamulus pterygoid process in the coronal plane did not make any significant difference in different age groups on both sides. The slope of pterygoid process was towards the lateral in and in the sagittal plane the slope was towards the posterior. The morphological evaluation of the hamulus pterygoid process in the CBCT images can contribute to the tracking and management of vague non diagnostic symptoms in the palate

Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Detection of Bone Loss

Objectives: Bone assessment is essential for diagnosis, treatment planning and prediction of prognosis of periodontal diseases. However, two-dimensional radiographic techniques have multiple limitations, mainly addressed by the introduction of three-dimensional imaging techniques such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to assess the accuracy of CBCT for detection of marginal bone loss in patients receiving dental implants. Materials and Methods: A study of diagnostic test accuracy was designed and 38 teeth from candidates for dental implant treatment were selected. On CBCT scans, the amount of bone resorption in the buccal, lingual/palatal, mesial and distal surfaces was determined by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest (normal group: 0-1.5mm, mild bone loss: 1.6-3mm, moderate bone loss: 3.1-4.5mm and severe bone loss: >4.5mm). During the surgical phase, bone loss was measured at the same sites using a periodontal probe. The values were then compared by McNemar’s test. Results: In the buccal, lingual/palatal, mesial and distal surfaces, no significant difference was observed between the values obtained using CBCT and the surgical method. The correlation between CBCT and surgical method was mainly based on the estimation of the degree of bone resorption. CBCT was capable of showing various levels of resorption in all surfaces with high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value compared to the surgical method. Conclusion: CBCT enables accurate measurement of bone loss comparable to surgical exploration and can be used for diagnosis of bone defects in periodontal diseases in clinical settings

The prevalence of nasal septum deviation and its association with maxillary sinus mucosal thickening using cone-beam computed tomography

Introduction: Maxillary sinus mucosal thickening is a very common disease that is attributed to several reasons including environmental and anatomical. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and relationship between nasal septum deviation and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening using cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Methods: The nasal cavities and maxillary sinuses of 226 patients (169 women and 57 men) were retrospectively examined using cone beam computed tomography. Statistical analysis was done to determine the prevalence and relationship between the nasal septum deviation and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening regarding gender and age. The level of significance was set at 0.05 and statistical analysis was done using the SPSS version 26. Results: The average age of the participants was 43.7 ± 13.3 years. The prevalence of deviated nasal septum was 87.6% (95% CI, 82.6-91.3%), and no significant relationship between nasal septum deviation and age and gender was observed. The highest frequency of nasal septum deviation according to the Meladina classification modified by Rao et al. was assigned to type 7 (36%). Mucosal thickness > 2 mm was found in the right and left maxillary sinuses, 36.7%, and 34.5%, respectively.&nbsp

Diagnosis of incisive canal in patients referred to radiology department of dental faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences using cone beam computed tomogtaphy

Background and Aims: Considering importance of recognizing the position of incisive canal before inserting intraosseous implants and bone harvesting from the symphysis and to preventing from adverse effects after these surgeries, using appropriate imaging method is essential and necessary. Due to the high accuracy measurement and high quality of CBCT and also low received dose to patient ̦ the aim of this study was to evaluate and recognize the position of incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this study, good quality CBCT mandible image of 60 patients including 32 women and 28 men with average ages of 41.3±2.5 were observed for diagnosing and recognizing the position of mandibular incisive canal using three observers separately. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 20.0 for Windows, Chicago, IL, USA) and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Horizontal and vertical assessment was independent from the sex of patients. The incisive canal was recognizable in 89.8 percent of specimens. In vertical dimension, in 57.5 percent of specimens the canal was observed in the inferior one third and in 32.25 percent in the medial one third. In horizontal dimension, in 14.75 percent of specimens the canal was observed in the buccal one third, 52.75 percent in the medial one third and 22.25 percent in the lingual one third. Conclusion: The quality of CBCT imaging and its accuracy and resolution can play an important role in the differentiation and determination of the position of incisive canal

Cytotoxicity Comparison of Harvard Zinc Phosphate Cement Versus Panavia F2 and Rely X Plus Resin Cements on Rat L929-fibroblasts

Objective: Resin cements, regardless of their biocompatibility, have been widely used inrestorative dentistry during the recent years. These cements contain hydroxy ethyl methacrylate(HEMA) molecules which are claimed to penetrate into dentinal tubules and mayaffect dental pulp. Since tooth preparation for metal ceramic restorations involves a largesurface of the tooth, cytotoxicity of these cements would be more important in fixed prosthodontictreatments. The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of tworesin cements (Panavia F2 and Rely X Plus) versus zinc phosphate cement (Harvard)using rat L929-fibroblasts in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, ninety hollow glass cylinders (internaldiameter 5-mm, height 2-mm) were made and divided into three groups. Each group wasfilled with one of three experimental cements; Harvard Zinc Phosphate cement, PanaviaF2 resin cement and Rely X Plus resin cement. L929- Fibroblast were passaged and subsequentlycultured in 6-well plates of 5×105 cells each. The culture medium was RPMI_1640. All samples were incubated in CO2. Using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay(ELISA) and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay,the cytotoxicity of the cements was investigated at 1 hour, 24 hours and one week post exposure.Statistical analyses were performed via two-way ANOVA and honestly significantdifference (HSD) Tukey tests.Results: This study revealed significant differences between the three cements at the differenttime intervals. Harvard cement displayed the greatest cytotoxicity at all three intervals.After 1 hour Panavia F2 showed the next greatest cytotoxicity, but after 24-hours and oneweekintervals Rely X Plus showed the next greatest cytotoxicity. The results further showedthat cytotoxicity decreased significantly in the Panavia F2 group with time (p<0.005), cytotoxicityincreased significantly in the Rely X Plus group with time (p<0.001), and the Harvardcement group failed to showed no noticeable change in cytotoxicity with time.Conclusion: Although this study has limitations, it provides evidence that Harvard zincphosphate cement is the most cytotoxic product and Panavia F2 appears to be the leastcytotoxic cement over time

The relationship between the palatoglossal space error of the panoramic images and skeletal relationship

Background and Aims: In the panoramic images, palatoglossal space error develops when the patient is unable to put the tongue against the mouth roof. In the case of this error, the radiographic diagnosis of the area is made with some difficulties or ever the image may lose its diagnostic ability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the palatoglossal space error of the panoramic images and skeletal relationship.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional trial, 494 panoramic images were selected at the orthodontic department of Tehran dental school archive and the existence of the palatoglossal space was determined. The palatoglossal space error was statistically analyzed using chi-square test regarding the patients’ gender, age and skeletal relationships.   Results: Of total panoramic images, 346 (70.0%) cases showed palatoglossal space error while 148 (30.0%) images were free from this error. Furthermore, 74.1% of male images and 66.9% of female images showed palatoglossal space error. In Cl I (1˂ANB≤3), Cl II and Cl III patients; 65.6%, 73.1% and 67.4% of the images demonstrated the error, respectively. The incidence of palatoglossal space error in 5-14 and 15 years old age or higher patients were 72.2% and 58.8%, respectively.   Conclusion: It was concluded that n o significant difference w as noted between the incidences of the palatoglossal space error regarding the patients’ gender or their skeletal relationships . T he error frequency was significantly decreased with age